Words for shirt and related things in Celtic languages.
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | léine [ˈl͈ʲeːnʲə] = linen, tunic, smock |
|---|---|
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | léine = linen cloth, tunic, smock |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | léine [ˈl̠ʲeːnʲə] = shirt, tunic léine chnis = (under)vest léine oíche = night-shirt, night-dress léinteog = little shirt léinteoir = shirtmaker léineteoireacht = shirtmaking |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | lèine [l̪ʲeːnə] = shirt, (sports) strip, smock, chemise, shroud lèine-t = t-shirt lèine-chrios = bodyguard, attendant, valet lèine-mhairbh = shroud lèine-ìosal, fo-lèine = vest (UK), undershirt (USA) lèineag = small shirt |
| Manx (Gaelg) | lheiney = shirt lheiney oie = nightshirt lheiney T = t-shirt fo-lheiney = vest |
Etymology: possibly related to the Latin līnum (flax, linen cloth/garment, rope, thread), from the Proto-Indo-European *līno- (flax) [source].
Words from the same roots include linen and line in English, lin (linen, flax) in French, lijn (line, curve, rope) in Dutch, Lein (linen, flax) in German, linen and lin (flax) in Swedish [source].
| Proto-Celtic | *krissus / *kridsus = belt |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | cris = girdle, belt, hoop |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | cris = girdle, belt, hoop |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | crios [cɾʲɪsˠ/cɾʲʊsˠ] = belt, girdle, cincture; area, region, zone crios crochóg = suspender belt crios tarrthála = life-belt crios peilbheach = pelvic girdle criosach = girdled, belted, zonal crioslaigh = to girdle, enclose |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | crios [krʲis] = belt, girdle, cinture, starp, band, zone, waist lèine-chrios = bodyguard, attendant, valet crios-sàbhalaidh = lifebelt crios-sàbhailteachd = seatbelt, safety belt crios-cruinne = equator crioslach = girding of the loins, girdle crioslachadh = girding |
| Manx (Gaelg) | cryss = band, belt, girdle, sash, strap, zone cryss chaggee = war zone cryss ghlass = green belt cryss hauaillagh = lifebelt cryss ny cruinney = equator cryssagh = zonal cryssit = belted |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | kres, crys = shirt gwregys = girdle, belt |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | crys [krɨːs / kriːs] = shirt, under-garment, chemise, smock crys isaf = vest crys nos = nightshirt, nightdress crys-T = t-shirt crysaf, crysu = to shirt, clothe with a shirt crysba(i)s = waistcoat, doublet, jacket, jerkin cryslen = smock, tapestry |
| Old Cornish | kreis = shirt |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | creis, crŷs = shirt, smock crys, creix = shift, chemise |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | krys = shirt krys hwys = sweatshirt krys nos = nightshirt krys T = t-shirt kryspows = waistcoat |
| Old Breton | guo-cris = belt |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | krez, cres = clothes, shirt |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | krez = jersey, vest krez dindan = vest, undershirt |
Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *krdʰ-tu-, from *kerdʰ- (belt) [source].
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | caimse = shirt |
|---|---|
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | caimmse = shirt |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | caimse = chemise, shirt |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | caimis [kɛmɪʃ] = chemise, shift |
| Manx (Galeg) | chemise = smock |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | camse = robe, gown |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | hevis, hevez = shirt, smock, jacket |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | hevis = blouse, smock |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | hiviz = blouse hivizenn = blouse, skirt chemizetenn = blouse, petticoat |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | hiviz = shirt, blouse hiviz-noz = nightshirt chemizetenn = blouse, short-sleezed shirt, wimple |
Etymology: from the Latin camisa (shirt, nightgown), from the Transalpine Gaulish camisia, from the Frankish *hamiþī (shirt), from the Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją (shirt), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (to cover, conceal) [source]. The Welsh word camse was borrowed from Old Irish.
Words from the same roots include chemise (shirt, folder) in French, camisa (shirt) in Spanish, قميص (qamīṣ – shirt, robe) in Arabic (all via Latin and Gaulish); hemd (shirt, undershirt) in Dutch, and Hemd (shirt) in German (via Proto-Germanic) [source].
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic
