Words for to follow, pursue and related things in Celtic languages.
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
| Proto-Celtic | *sekʷetor = to follow |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | seichithir = to follow, persue sechem = following, imitating |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | seichithir sechethar, sechtir = to follow, persue sechem, sechim = following, imitating sechimthid, seichteóir, seichthid = follower |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | seicheamh = following, taking after, imitating, sequence, progression fosheicheamh = subsequence |
Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *sékʷetor (to be following), from *sekʷ- (to follow) [source]. Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish (?) and Latin segusius (a hunting dog) include: sabuxo (hound) in Galician, segugio (hound, bloodhound, private eye, sleuth) in Spanish, and sabujo (hound, submissive person) in Portuguese [source].
Words from the same PIE roots include: associate, sector, sequence, society, (to) sue, suit, suite and subsequent in English, suivre (to follow) in French, sèkti (to observe, track down, follow, spy on) in Lithuanian, and seguir (to follow, continue, keep (on)) in Spanish [source].
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | sewye, sewé, sywé = to follow, persue |
|---|---|
| Cornish (Kernewek) | sewya = to follow, result holyans = consequence, outcome, result, sequel |
Etymology: from English (to) sue [source], which used to mean to follow or court, and comes from Middle English seuen (to follow, walk behind, be guided), from Anglo-Norman suer, siwer (to follow), from Old French sivre (to follow after), from Vulgar Latin *sequere (to follow), from Latin sequī, from sequor (to follow, pursue, succeed), from Proto-Italic *sekʷōr (to follow, come/go after), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (to follow) [source].
| Proto-Celtic | *linati = to stick, cling *ati-linati = to adhere, stick to, cling |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | lenaid [ˈl͈ʲenɨðʲ] = to stick, cling, follow, remain, continue, survive lenamain = adhering, clinging, following ad·len = to follow, adhere |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | len(a)main = adhering, clinging to, stuck in, following, pursuing ad·len = to follow, adhere |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | lean [lʲan̪ˠ] = to follow, continue, remain, endure leantach = consecutive, continuing leantóir = follower, trailer leanúint = following, persuit, adherence, continuation leanúnach = follower, pursuer, successor, continuant, continuous, successive leanúnachas = continuity, attachment, faithfulness |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | lean [l̪ʲɛn] = follow, pursue, ensue, succeed, follow, continue, go on, stick to leanachd [l̪ʲɛnəxg] = following, pursuing, pursuit, followers, ensuing, succeeding, continuing leanadail [l̪ʲɛnədal] = attendant leanailteach [l̪ʲɛnnaldʲəx] = adhesive, sticking, sticky, dogged, persistent, tenacious leanailteachd [l̪ʲɛnaldʲəxg] = continuity, perseverance, tenacity, adhesiveness, adhesion leanaltas = perseverance |
| Manx (Gaelg) | lhian(t) = to follow lhiantag = attachment lhiantyn = following lhiantyn da/gys = to cleave (to) lhiantyn hug = to attach, obsess lhiantyn huggey = to take after lhiantyn rish = to cleave, persevere, pursue, stick to, cling lhiantys = adherence, attachment lhiantynys = adhesion, attachment |
| Proto-Brythonic | *llɨnad = to stick, cling |
| Old Welsh (Kembraec) | linisant = to infect, defile, corrupt, be infectious, smear |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | llynu = to infect, defile, corrupt, be infectious, smear edlynv, eddlynu, edlynu = to smear, besmear, daub, slabber, befoul |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | llynaf, llynu = to infect, defile, corrupt, be infectious, smear edlynaf, edlynu = to smear, besmear, daub, slabber, befoul |
Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (to smear) [source]. Words from the same PIE root include lime, liniment, loam and delete in English, lijm (glue) in Dutch, limon (silt) in French, Leim (glue) in German, limo (mud, slime, silt) in Italian, and lim (glue) in Swedish [source].
| Proto-Celtic | *solgos = ? |
|---|---|
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | olhau = to follow, trace |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | olhaf, olhau = to follow, trace |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | holye = to come after, to follow |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | holya = to follow holyans = sequence holyer, holyores = follower |
| Old Breton (Brethonoc) | hol = (act of) following |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | heul = following heultaff = to follow |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | heul [høːl] = continuation, cortege, parade, escort, procession heuli(a)ñ [ˈhøljã] = to follow heul(iad) [ˈhø.ljat] = procession, line, sequence, continuation, series, train heuliadur = extension heuliata = to continue heuliataer = follower heulier = follower, adept, minion heulius = conformist |
Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *selgʰ- (to follow) [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau / Edition Skol Vreizh, TermOfis
