How to count in Etruscan (mekh Rasnal), a language that was spoken in Eturia in Italy from about 600 BC to the 5th century AD.
Note: Etruscan numbers have different forms in different cases. The nominiative-accusative forms are shown here. The words for 4 and 6 are uncertain - they might mean 4 or 6.
If any of the numbers are links, you can hear a recording by clicking on them. If you can provide recordings, please contact me.
| Numeral | Cardinal numbers | Ordinal numbers |
|---|---|---|
| 1 (𐌠) | 𐌈𐌖 (θu) [tʰu] / 𐌈𐌖𐌍 (θun) | 𐌈𐌖𐌍𐌉𐌍𐌀 (θunina) |
| 2 (𐌠𐌠) | 𐌆𐌀𐌋 (zal) [t͡sal] / 𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌋 (esal) | |
| 3 (𐌠𐌠𐌠) | 𐌂𐌉 (ci) [ki] / 𐌊𐌉 (ki) | |
| 4 (𐌠𐌠𐌠𐌠) | 𐌇𐌖𐌈 (huθ) [hutʰ] / 𐌇𐌖𐌕 (hut) | |
| 5 (𐌡) | 𐌌𐌀𐌙 (maχ) [makʰ] | |
| 6 (𐌡𐌠) | 𐌇𐌖𐌈 (huθ) / 𐌑𐌀 (śa) [ʃa] / 𐌔𐌀 (sa) | |
| 7 (𐌡𐌠𐌠) | śemφ [ʃempʰ] | |
| 8 (𐌡𐌠𐌠𐌠) | *cezp [ket͡sp] | |
| 9 (𐌡𐌠𐌠𐌠𐌠) | nurφ- [nurpʰ] | |
| 10 (𐌢) | śar [ʃar] / zar [t͡sar] / halψ [halkʰ] | |
| 11 (𐌢𐌠) | *θuśar [tʰuʃar] | |
| 12 (𐌢𐌠𐌠) | *zalśar [t͡salʃar] | |
| 13 (𐌢𐌠𐌠𐌠) | ci- śar- [kiʃar] | |
| 14 (𐌢𐌠𐌠𐌠𐌠) | *śaśar [ʃaʃar] / huθzar [hutʰt͡sar] | |
| 15 (𐌢𐌡) | *maψśar [makʰʃar] | |
| 16 (𐌢𐌡𐌠) | huθzar- [hutʰt͡sar] / *śaśar [ʃaʃar] | |
| 17 (𐌢𐌡𐌠𐌠 / 𐌠𐌠𐌠𐌢𐌢) | ciem zaθrum [ki-em t͡satʰum] | |
| 18 (𐌢𐌡𐌠𐌠𐌠 / 𐌠𐌠𐌢𐌢) | eslem zaθrum [esl-em t͡satʰum | |
| 19 (𐌢𐌡𐌠𐌠𐌠𐌠 / 𐌠𐌢𐌢) | θunem zaθrum [tʰun-em t͡satʰum] | |
| 20 (𐌢𐌢) | zaθrum [t͡satʰum] | |
| 30 (𐌢𐌢𐌢) | cealψ [t͡sealkʰ] | |
| 40 (𐌢𐌢𐌢𐌢) | śealψ [ʃealkʰ] / *huθalψ [hutʰalkʰ] | |
| 50 (𐌣) | muvalψ [muwalkʰ] | |
| 60 (𐌣𐌢) | *huθalψ [hutʰalkʰ] / śealψ [ʃealkʰ] | |
| 70 (𐌣𐌢𐌢) | śemφalψ [ʃempʰalkʰ] | |
| 80 (𐌣𐌢𐌢𐌢) | cezpalψ [ket͡spalkʰ] | |
| 90 (𐌣𐌢𐌢𐌢𐌢) | *nurφalψ [nurpʰalkʰ] | |
| 100 (𐌟) |
* mark numbers that are not attested, but are hypothesized based on known numbers.
Information about Etruscan numbers
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Etruscan_numerals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_numerals
http://www.mysteriousetruscans.com/language.html#nos
If you would like to make any corrections or additions to this page, or if you can provide recordings, please contact me.
Information about Etruscan | Numbers
Alphabetical index | Language family index
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