Adjectives | Conjunctions | Pronouns | Verbs | People | Animals | Birds | Sea creatures | Parts of the body | Colours | Numbers | Time expressions | Musical terms | Trees | Other words
A collection of Celtic cognates, with definitions, pronunciation, etymologies - includes the modern Celtic languages, older versions of these languages, such as Middle Welsh, Old Irish, and their extinct and reconstructed relatives and ancestors, including Gaulish, Celtiberian, Proto-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic.
Words marked with an asterisk are archaic and/or used only in place names. The Cornish words shown are in the Standard Written Form (Furv Skrifys Savonek) of Cornish. The Breton words are in Peurunvan/Modern Standard Spelling.
| Gaeilge (Irish) |
Gàidhlig (Gaelic) |
Gaelg (Manx) |
Cymraeg (Welsh) |
Kernewek (Cornish) |
Brezhoneg (Breton) |
English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abhainn | abhainn | awin | afon | avon | aven | river star |
| ser* | sêr | ster | ster | |||
| ainm | ainm | ennym | enw | hanow | anv | name |
| anáil | anail | ennal | anadl | anal | anal | breath |
| anam | anam | annym | enef | eneff | soul life |
|
| anseo | an-seo | ayns shoh | yma | omma | amañ | here |
| ansin | an-sin | ayns shen | yna | ena | aze | there |
| ansiúd (thall ansin) | an-siud | ayns shid | draw acw |
yn tre | ahont | yonder |
| aois | aois | eash | oes oed |
oos ooj |
oad | age |
| áth | àth | aah | ford | |||
| rith | rhyd | rys red |
red | |||
| baile | baile | balley | beili | town house farmstead |
||
| treibh | treabh treubh |
tre(f) | trev | trev | ||
| báisteach | baisteach | Bashtagh | rain wetting Baptist |
|||
| fearthainn | ||||||
| fliuchadh | fliuchadh | fliaghey | ||||
| glaw | glaw | glav | ||||
| bealach | bealach | bollagh | bwlch | bolgh | boulc'h | way, road, track, pass |
| beann | beann | beinn | ban | ban | bann | top peak horn |
| beatha | beatha | beaghey | bywyd | bewnans | buhez | life |
| beo | beò | bio | byw | bew | bev | alive living |
| bás | bàs | basse | dead death deceased |
|||
| marbh | marbh | merriu marroo |
marw marwolaeth |
mernans | marv | |
| éag | eug | angau | ankow | ankow | ||
| bia | biadh | bee | bwyd | boos | boued | food |
| bith* | bith | beays | byd | bys | bed | world existence lifetime |
| saol | saoghal | seihll | ||||
| bord | bòrd | boayrd | bwrdd bwrd |
bord bordh |
bourzh | table board |
| tábla | tàbla | taabyl | tabl | tabel | taol | |
| bóthar | bòthar | bayr | beidr | bownder | road lane track way |
|
| ffordd | fordh | |||||
| brí | brìgh | bree | bri | bri | bri | strength energy honour dignity |
| bríste | briogais | breeçhyn | brits(h) | bragez bragoù |
trousers breeches |
|
| triús | triubhas | troosyn | trywsus | |||
| lavrek | lavreg | |||||
| broinne | broinn | brein | bryn | bronn brodn |
bronn | hill(ock) breast bulge |
| caint | cainnt | caaynt | speech talk |
|||
| Cáisg | Càisg | Caisht | Pasg | Pask | Pask | Easter |
| cáis | càise | caashey | caws | keus | keuz formaj |
cheese |
| carraig | carraig | carrick | carreg | karrek | karreg | stone rock cliff |
| cloch | clach | clagh | clog | clog | kleger | |
| cath | cath | cah | cad | kas | kad | battle |
| casair | casair | cesair | keser | kazarc'h | hail | |
| cloichshneachta | clach-shneachd | claghyn sniaghtee | ||||
| cenllysg | ||||||
| casúr | casar | casoor | hammer | |||
| morthwyl | morthol | morzhol | ||||
| cill | cill | keeill | cell | kell | kell | (hermit's) cell church |
| cistin | cistin | kishteen | cegin | kegin | kegin | kitchen |
| cliath | cliath | cleea | clwyd | kloes | kloued | hurdle |
| clog | clag | clag | cloch | clogh | kloc'h | bell clock |
| clú | cliù | goo | clyw | klew | klev | hearing fame |
| cnó | cnò | cro | cnau | know | kraoñ | nut |
| cnoc | cnoc | cronk | cnwc | knegh | krug | hill(ock) bulge |
| brí | bre* | bre | bre | bre | ||
| torgenn | ||||||
| dún | dùn | doon | din dinas |
din dinas |
din | fort fortress town city castle |
| caer | ker | kaer | ||||
| caiseal | caisteal | cashtal | castell | kastel | kastell | |
| cruach | cruach | creagh | crug | cruk | cruc | hillock heap stack pile |
| damhna | damhna | defnydd | devnydh | danvez | matter material substance |
|
| dobhar* | dobhar* | dooar* | dŵr | dowr | dour | water |
| uisce | uisge | ushtey | ||||
| droichead | drochaid | droghad | bridge | |||
| pont | pons | pont | ||||
| eaglais | eaglais | agglish | eglwys | eglos | iliz | church |
| eidheann | eidheann | hibbin | eiddew | idhyow(en) | iliav(enn) iliou(enn) |
ivy |
| eite eiteog |
ite iteag |
fedjag | adain | wing feather fin |
||
| asgell | askel | askell | ||||
| fáilte | fàilte | failt | welcome | |||
| féan | feun | fainagh | gwain | goen gweyn |
gouin | wagon wain cart sheath scabbard |
| féar | feur | faiyr | gwair | gora | garzh | hay grass |
| fíor | fìor | feer | gwir | gwir | gwir | true |
| flaith | flath | flah | gwlad | gwlas gulas |
glad | sovereignty lordship country nation |
| gaoth | gaoth | geay | wind breeze flatulence whistle |
|||
| fead | fead | fed | gwynt | gwyns | gwent | |
| awel | awel | avel | ||||
| glan | glan | glen | glan | glan | glan | clean clear |
| gort | gort | garth | orth | garth | field garden enclosure hedge plain |
|
| achadh | achadh | |||||
| machaire | machair | magher | ||||
| raon | raon | rheam | ||||
| caí* | cae | ke | kae | |||
| maes | mes | maez | ||||
| grian | grian | grian | sun | |||
| súil | sùil | sooill | haul | howl | heol | eye / sun |
| ím | ìm | eem | (y)menyn | amanyn | amann | butter |
| inbhear | inbhir | inver | river mouth estuary confluence of waters |
|||
| obar | aber | aber | aber | |||
| íth* | uwd | yôs | yod | porridge oatmeal gruel |
||
| leite | lite | |||||
| brachán | brochan | broghan | ||||
| lár | làr | laare | llawr | leur | leur | floor ground |
| lann* | lann | lann | llan | lann | lan | church parish land enclosure |
| leabhar | leabhar | lioar | llyfr | lyver | levr | book |
| léine | lèine | lheiney | shirt tunic girdle |
|||
| cris | crys | krys | krez | |||
| leann | llen | len | lenn | curtain cloak cover blanket |
||
| lus | lus | lus | llys | les | louzaouenn | plant herb |
| mil | mil | mill | mêl | mel | mel | honey |
| muir | muir | mooir | môr | mor | mor | sea |
| Nollaig | Nollaig | Nollick | Nadolig | Nadelik | Nedeleg | Christmas |
| olann | olann | ollan | gwlân | gwlan | glaon | wool |
| póg | pòg | paag | poc | pok | kiss | |
| cwmwl | kommol | koumoulenn | cloud | |||
| néal | neul | neeal | niwl | niwl | nivlenn | mist |
| neamh | nèamh | niau | nef | nev | neñv | sky heaven sphere |
| spéir | speur | speyr | sffêr | |||
| óir | oir | oyr | for because reason |
|||
| ród | rathad | raad | rhawd | roud | road | |
| seo | seo | shoh | hwn hon hyn |
ma | mañ | this |
| sin | sin | shen | hwnnw honno hynny |
homma honna |
se | that |
| siabhainn* | siabhann | sheeabin | sebon | sebon | soavon | soap |
| sliabh | sliabh | slieau | mountain moorland hillside |
|||
| moned* monad* |
monadh | muyne | mynydd | menydh | menez | |
| sliocht | sliochd | sluight | llwybr | path track section offspring |
||
| cosán | casan | cassan | ||||
| slí | slighe | sleayd | ||||
| séad | séad | hynt | hens hyns |
hent | ||
| sneachta | sneachd | sniaghtey | nyf* | snow | ||
| eira | ergh | erc'h | ||||
| spiorad | spiorad | spyrryd | ysbryd | speris | speret | spirit ghost |
| sráid | sràid | straid | stryd | stret | straed | street alley highway |
| ffordd | fordh | |||||
| sruth | sruth | stroo | ffrwd | frot* | froud | stream river current valley |
| nant | nans | ant | ||||
| sú | sùgh | soo soolagh |
sudd sug |
súgan | soubenn | juice sap soup |
| táille | taille | tailley | tâl talaith |
tal | tailh | fare fee tally |
| teach | taigh | thie | tŷ | chi | ti | house |
| teanga | teanga | çhengey | tafod | taves tavas |
teod | language tongue tribe people |
| icht | aiteam | eggys | iaith | yeth | yezh | |
| tine | teine | çhenney | tân | tan | tan | fire angel lightning |
| aingeal | aingeal | aile | angel | eledh | ael | |
| tír | tìr | çheer | tir | tir | tir | land country |
| uaimh | uaimh | oghe ooig |
(g)ogof | gogoow gug |
cave | |
| groc'h mougev |
||||||
| uair | uair | oor | awr | our eur |
eur | hour time |
| úll | ubhal | ooyl | afal | aval | aval | apple |
Adjectives | Conjunctions | Pronouns | Verbs | People | Animals | Birds | Sea creatures | Parts of the body | Colours | Numbers | Time expressions | Musical terms | Trees | Other words
A collection of Celtic cognates, with definitions, pronunciation, etymologies - includes the modern Celtic languages, older versions of these languages, such as Middle Welsh, Old Irish, and their extinct and reconstructed relatives and ancestors, including Gaulish, Celtiberian, Proto-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic.
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If you would like to make any corrections or additions to this page, or if you can provide recordings, please contact me.
Stòr-fhaclan Co-dhàimheil Ceilteach (Database of Celtic cognates)
http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/scc/lorg.php
McBain's Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language
http://www.ceantar.org/Dicts/MB2/
Breton, Celtiberian, Cornish, Cumbric, Gaulish, Irish, Lepontic, Lusitanian, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Tartessian, Welsh
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