Partical Celtic Cognates

These words are cognate (related) in two or more of the six modern Celtic languages. Click on the English translations to find out more about them on the Celtiadur blog

Gaeilge (Irish)	Gàidhlig (Gaelic)	Gaelg (Manx)	Cymraeg (Welsh)	Kernewek (Cornish)	Brezhoneg (Breton)	English
abhaill	abhall	—	afallen	avalen	avalwez	apple tree
abair	abair	abbyr	—	—	—	to say, to speak
ábhar	adhbar	oyr		—	—	material, matter, reason
achadh	achadh	—	—	—	—	field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain
adhal	adhal	aall		—	—	fork, trident
—	adhbrann	abane	—	—	—	ankle
agh	agh	—	eilon, eilion	—	—	stag, deer, hart
aghaidh	aghaidh	oai	—	—	—	face, front
aí, a(o)i	ai	—	hwyaden	hos	houad	duck, swan
aineach, eineach	eanach	—	wyneb	enep	eneb	face, honour, reputation
ainmhí	ainmhidh		anifail	eneval	aneval	animal, beast
ainnir	ainnir	—	anner	annor	annoar	heifer, girl, maiden
áirí	àirigh	eairee	—	—	—	hill pasture, sheiling, milking place
Alba	Alba	Nalbin	Yr Alban	Alban	—	Scotland
Albain Nua	Alba Nuadh	(Yn) Albin Noa, Nalbin Noa	Alban Newydd	Alban Nowydh	—	Nova Scotia
—	—	—	allwedd	alhwedh	alc'hwez	key
am	àm	am	—	—	—	time
amh	amh	aw	of	—	—	raw, uncooked
amhas	amhas	—	amaeth	ammeth	ambaith*	servant, ploughman, savage
—	—	#x2014;	ar draws	a-dreus	a-dreuz	across, traverse
aran	aran	arran	—	—	—	bread
arc(án)	orc(an)	ark	—	—	—	piglet, sow
arg*	—	—	eira	ergh	erc'h	snow
art*	art*	—	arth	arth	arzh	bear
—	—	—	asgwrn	askorn	askorn	bone
áth	àth	aah	—	—	—	ford
athair	athair	ayr	-atr*	—	—	father
—	—	—	awel	awel	avel	wind, breeze
bailc	bailc	—	balch	balgh	balc'h	proud, arrogant, strong
baile	baile	balley	beili	—	—	home, town, bailey
bainne	bainne	bainney	—	banna	banne	milk, drop
báisteach	baisteach	Bashtagh	—	—	—	rain, Baptist
balla	balla	boalley	gwal, wal	gwal	—	wall
bán	bàn	bane	bân*	—	—	white, fair
bás	bàs	basse	—	—	—	death
básaigh	bàsaich	geddyn basse	—	—	—	to die, dead
basc*	basc*	—	baich	begh	bec'h	load, burden
bascead	basgaid	basca(i)d, baskad	basgeg	basket	—	basket, pannier
beach	beach	—	—	—	—	bee, drone
bearach	biorach	—	bustach (?)	—	—	bullock, heifer
béarla, Béarla	Beurla	Baarle	—	—	—	speech, English
—	—	—	bedd	bedh	bez	grave, ditch
béile	beil	—	—	—	—	meal, diet
beir	beir	behr	beru	—	berañ	to carry, to flow
beithíoch	beathach	baagh	—	—	—	animal, beast
biail	biail*	—	bwyell	bool	bouc'hal	axe, hatchet
bile	bile	billey	pill	—	pil	tree, mast, bush, trunk
biss*	—	—	bys	bys	biz	finger
—	—	—	blawd	bleus	bleud	flour
bleidmhíol*	bleidh-mhial	—	blaidd	bleydh	bleiz	wolf, sea monster
—	—	—	blew	blew	blev	hair, bristles
—	bòc	—	boch	bogh	boc'h	cheek, bloat
—	—	—	boda, bwncath	bargos	baou	buzzard
bog	bog	bog	—	—	boug	soft, tender
bolaigh	boladh	—	—	—	—	to taste, to smell
bonn	bonn	boyn	—	—	—	sole, base, foot
—	bòtann, bòtais, bùtais	bootys	bot(is), bwtias	botas	botez	boot, shoe
borr	bòrr	—	—	—	—	puffed up, swollen, proud
bóthar	bòthar	bayr	beudr	bownder		road, alley, lane
brac	brac	—	braich	bregh	brec'h	arm, hand
bradán	bradan	braddan	—	—	—	salmon
bran	bran	—	brân	bran	bran	crow, raven
bras	bras	—	bras	bras	bras	great, big, swift
brat	brat	brat	brat	—	brozh	cloak, mantle, skirt
bréag	breug	breag	—	—	—	lie, falsehood
—	—	—	brenin	bryntin, brentin	brientin	king, aristocrat
brí	bre*	—	bre	bre	bre	hill, mount, hillock, height
brecht*	—	—	lled(f)rith	—	brith*	charm, spell, enchantment
bríste	briogais	breeçhyn	brits(h)	—	bragez, bragoù	trousers, breeches
—	—	—	brith	brith	brizh	speckled, variegated
—	—	—	brithyll	brithel	brezel	trout, mackerel
bróg	bròg	braag	brog	—	—	shoeboot
brón	bròn	bran	brwyn	—	—	sad
bruth	bruth	brooan	brwd	—	broud	hot, heat, rash
—	—	—	brydio	bryjyon	broudañ	to boil, to burn
—	—	—	buan	buan	buan	fast, lively, quick
buí	buidhe	bwee	—	—	—	yellow
buinne	—	—	ben	—	—	cart, wagon, wattle
—	—	—	byson	bysow	bizou	ring, jewel
—	—	—	caer	ker	kaer	fort, castle
caí*	—	—	cae	ke	kae	field, hedge
caib	caibe	kiebbey	caib	—	—	pickaxe, spade, dibble
—	caill*	—	caill	kell	kell	testicle
cailleach	cailleach	caillagh	—	—	—	old woman, hag, witch
cailleach oíche	cailleach-oidhche	caillagh oie	—	—	—	owl
caint	cainnt	caaynt	—	—	—	speech, to speak, talk
caladh	caladh	calloo, callee	—	—	—	harbour, landing place
caladh	—	—	caled	kales	kalet	hard, stingy
—	—	—	callor, callawr	kalter	kaoter	cauldron, kettle, boiler
—	—	—	calon	kolon	kalon	heart, soul
cana	cana	—	cenau	—	—	cub, puppy, kitten
caoin	caoin	keain	cain	—	ken	tender, gentle, mild
caoch	caoch	kyagh	coeg	koog	—	one-eyed, blind
caol	caol	keyl	cul	kul	—	narrow
caomh	caomh	—	cu	kuv	kuñv	dear, gentle, sweet
caora	caora	keyrrey	caer*	—	—	sheep, ewe, roebuck
casair	casair	—	cesair	keser	kazarc'h	hail
—	—	—	caseg	kasek	kazeg	mare
casúr	casar	casoor	—	—	—	hammer
cathair	cathair	caayr	—	—	—	fortress, monastery, city
ceannaigh	ceannaich	chionnaghey	—	—	—	to buy, to purchase
cearc	cearc	kiark	—	—	—	hen, chicken
ceart	ceart	kiart	certh	—	—	right, just, true
—	—	—	cefn	keyn	kein	back
—	—	—	cegin	kegin	kegin	kitchen
—	—	—	cegin	kegin	kegin, kegin-derv	jay, woodpecker
ceil	ceil	keill	cêl	kel	—	to hide, to conceal
ceo	ceò	kay, kyeoh	—	—	—	fog, mist
—	—	—	cerdded	kerdhes	kerzhet	to walk
cét*	—	—	gan	gans	gant	with, by
—	—	—	chwech	hweg	c'hwek	sweet, delicate
—	—	—	chwilio	hwilas	c'houilia	to search, to seek
—	—	—	cinio	kinnyow	koanier	dinner, supper, to dinev
cinnteach	cinnteach	kinjagh	—	—	—	definite, certain, constant
ciotach	ciotach	kyttagh	chwith	—	—	left
cis, ciséan	cis, cisean, ciosan	kishan	—	—	—	basket, creel
cistin	cistin	kishteen	—	—	—	kitchen
cladh	cladh	—	clawdd	kleudh	kleuz	ditch, trench, rampart
cláirseach	clàrsach	claasagh	—	—	—	harp
clais	clais	clash	clais	—	—	ditch, groove, trench
clamhán	clamhan	clowan	—	—	—	buzzard
clár	clàr	claare	clawr	—	kleur	board, table, cover
cló	clò	clou	clo	—	klaou	bolt, lock, nail
cloichshneachta	clach-shneachd	claghyn sniaghtee	—	—	—	hail, hailstones
cluain	cluain	—	clun	—	—	meadow, pasture, moor
cluas	cluas	cleaysh	clust	—	—	ear
cnámh	cnàimh	craue	cnaw	—	—	bone, skull
—	—	—	coch	coch, cough	—	red
codail	caidil	caddil	—	—	—	to sleep
—	—	—	coed, coeden	koos	koad	forest, wood, tree
cogadh	cogadh	caggey	—	—	—	war, fighting
coir	coire	—	caredd	cara*	karez	mistake, sin
cóir	còir	cair	cywair	—	—	just, rightful
—	comhachag	—	cuan	kowann, cowan	kaouenn	owl
colainn	colann	callin	celain	—	—	body, torso, corpse
collach	cullachcollach	collagh muc	ceilliog	—	kalloc'h	boar, hog, stallion
—	—	—	coludd	kolodhyon	kaouded	intestine, guts, heart
colum*	—	—	cwlwm	kolm, kolmen	skoulmoù, skoulm	knot
—	—	—	comio	kows, kewsel	komz, kaozeal	to speak, to say, to talk
cónaígh	còmhnaidh	cummal	—	—	—	to live, to grip
cora	caradh	—	cored	—	kored	weir, dam
corcra	corcar	—	porffor	purpur	pourpré	purple
cos	cas, cos	cass	coes	—	—	leg, foot
cosán	casan	cassan	—	—	—	path
céide	cèide	—	pant	pans	pant	hill(ock), hollow, slope
craobh	craobh	crouw	—	—	—	branch, tree, bush
crean	crean	—	prynu	prena	prenañ	to buy, to purchase, to obtain
—	—	—	crëyr	—	*querhair	heron
—	—	—	cri	kriv	kriz	raw, crude
cró	crò	—	crau	krow	—	blood, gore
cruach	cruaidh	creoighey	—	—	—	steel
cruit	cruit	cruitçh	crwth	krowd	—	harp, crwth, fiddle
cruth	cruth	croo	pryd	—	—	shape, form
cúacca*	—	—	gwag	gwag	gwak	empty, soft, delicate
cuan	cuan	keayn	—	—	—	sea, ocean, harbour, bay
cuarán	cuaran	carrane	cu(a)ran, cwaran	—	—	bootsandal
cuas	cuas	—	cau	kew	kev	hollow, cavity, cave
—	—	—	cudd	kudh	kuzh	secret, hidden
—	—	—	cusan	kussyn	—	kiss
—	—	—	cwch	kok	kouc'h	boat, beehive
—	—	—	cwmwl	kommol	koumoul	fog, mist, cloud
—	—	—	cwsg	kosk	kousked	sleep, slumber
—	—	—	cwyn	kon	koan	dinner, supper
—	—	—	cyllell	kollell	kontell	knife
—	—	—	cysgu	koska	kousket	to sleep
damhna	damhna	—	defnydd	devnydh	danvez	matter, material, substance
dán	dàn	daan	dawn	—	donezon	poem, gift, faculty
dalta	dalta	doltey	—	—	—	foster child, pupil, disciple
—	—	—	danas	—	demm	(fallow) deer
daor	daor	deyr	—	—	—	servile, unfree, expensive
dara	dala	derrey	—	—	—	second
dath	dath	daah	—	—	—	colour, dye
dea-	deagh	—	da	da	da	good, well, pleasant
dealg	dealg	jialg	dala	delc*	—	needle, pin, sting
déan	dèan	jean	geni	—	—	to do, to make
dearg	dearg	jiarg	—	—	—	red
dinnéar	dinnear	jinnair	—	—	—	dinner
díog	dìg	jeeg	—	—	—	ditch, dike, trench
—	—	—	diogel	diogel	diogel	safe, secure, sure
díon	dìon	jeen	—	—	—	protection, waterproof, roof
dlí	dlighe	—	dyled	—	dlead	law, debt, duty
dochtúir	dotair	doghtoor	—	—	—	doctor
—	—	—	dod, dyfod	dos	donet	to come
doineann	doineann	dorrin	—	—	—	stormy weather, storm, tempest
doirb	doirb	durrag	—	—	—	worm, larva, beetle
dona	dona	donney	—	—	—	bad, unfortunate
donn	donn	dhone	dwn	—	—	brown, dun
—	—	—	dôr	—	dor	door
doras	doras	dorrys	drws	daras	—	door
—	—	—	—	dowrlam	lamm-dour	waterfall
—	—	—	draenog	—	draeneg	hedgehog
dreach	dreach	dreagh	drych	—	derch*	look, aspect, expression, face
droichead	drochaid	droghad	—	—	—	bridge
droim	druim	dreeym	—	—	—	back, ridge
drúth	drùth	—	drud	drudh	—	fool, dear, cherished
duais	duais	—	—	—	—	gift, prize, reward
dul	dol	goll	—	—	—	to go
—	—	—	—	dybri	debriñ	to eat
éadan	aodann	eddin	—	—	—	font, face, facade
éag	eug	—	angau	ankow	ankow	dead, death, deceased
eagla	eagal	aggle	—	—	—	fear, horror
eallach	eallaidh	ollagh	—	—	—	cattle, cow
earc	earc	—	erch	—	—	mottled, speckled
eas	eas	assag	—	—	—	stoat, weasel
eas	eas	eas	—	—	—	waterfall
éasca	èasga	eayst	—	—	—	moon
eascann	easgann	astan	—	—	—	eel
—	—	—	ehedydd, hedydd	evidit*, ahwesydh	ehuedez*, alc'hweder	(sky)lark
—	—	—	eidion	ojyon	ejon	bullock, heifer
eire	eire	errey	arau	—	—	load, burden
eo	eòeog	—	eog	eghek	eog	salmon
—	—	—	esgid	eskis	—	shoeboot
esna	asna	asney	ais	asownn	—	rib
—	—	—	ewig	euhic*	—	deer, hart, stag
fabhcún	faolchon	—	ffawcwn, ffawlcwn	falghun	falc'hun	falcon, hawk
fad	fad	foddid	—	—	—	length, distance, duration
fada	fada	foddey	—	—	—	long, far, tall
fadhb	fadhb	uddan	oddf	—	—	knot, lump, problem
fáigh	fàidh	fadeyr	gwawd	—	—	seer, prophet, poem
fáinleog, áinleog	fainnleag, ainnleag	—	gwennol	gwennol	gwennel	swallow, martin
fáinne	fàinne	fainey	—	—	—	ring, circle, coil
fairged*	—	—	gwneud	gul	ober	to do, to make
fann	fann	—	gwan	gwann	gwan	weak, feeble
faol*, faolchú	faol, faol-chù	filliu	—	—	—	wolf
farraige	fairge	faarkey	—	—	—	sea, ocean
fás	fàs	faase	—	—	—	empty
féan	feun	fainagh	—	—	—	wagon, cart, chariot
feannóg	feannag	fannag	—	—	—	crow, rook
feic	faic	faik	—	—	—	to see, to be
fia	fiadh	feeaih	—	—	—	deer
fiach	fitheach	feeagh	gwyach	—	—	raven, grebe, crake
fial	fial	feoilt	gŵyl	—	—	modest, seemly
fiar	fiar	—	gŵyr	gwarr	gwar	crooked, bent, curve
file	filidh	feelee	—	—	—	seer, poet
fine	fine	—	—	—	gouenn	family, tribe, race
fios	fios	fys	gwŷs	—	—	knowledge, information
fliuchadh	fliuchadh	fliaghey	—	—	—	rain, wetting
flúr	plùr	flooyr	—	—	—	flour, flower
fochraig	—	—	gwobr	gober	gopr	prize, reward, fee
folamh	falamh	follym	—	—	—	empty
folc(tha)	—	—	golchi	golhi	gwalc'hiñ	to wash
forc	forca	—	fforc	forgh	forc'h	fork
forás	foras	—	ffordd	fordh	—	street, alley, highway, journey, growth
fobhar	—	—	gofer	gover	gou(v)er	stream
fos	fos	—	ffos	fos	foz	wall, butress, ditch
fosadh	fosadh	—	gwastad	gwastas	gou(e)stad	stay, respite, flat, slow
foss*	—	—	gwas	gwas	gwaz	servant, boy, husband
frac*	—	—	gwrach	gwragh	gwrac'h	old woman, hag, witch
fuath	fuath	feoh	—	—	—	fearful, horror, terror
fuar	fuar	feayr	oer	oor	—	cold
fuirigh	fuirich	fariagh	—	—	—	to stay, to abide
fuiseog	uiseag	ushag	—	—	—	(sky)lark, bird
gabhlán, gabhlán gaoithe	gòbhlan, gobhlan-gaoithe	gollan, gollan geayee	—	—	—	swallow, swift, martin
gadhar	gadhar	—	—	—	—	beagle, hunting dog
galba	galba	—	gylfin	gelvin	golv	beak, nose
—	—	—	gallu	gallos	gallout	to be able to
—	—	—	galw	gelwel	galven, galviñ	to call
gamhain	gamhainn	gauin	—	—	—	calf
gan	gun	gyn	—	—	ken	without, otherwise
gaoth	geodha	giau	—	—	—	inlet, estuary, cove
gaoth	gaoth	geay	—	—	—	wind
gealach	gealach	giallagh	—	—	—	moon
geir	geir	geirr	gwêr	—	—	fat, tallow, grease
giorria	geàrr, gearrach, gearra(i)dh	—	—	—	—	hare
giúrann	giùran	—	gwyran	—	goirann*	barnacle (goose)
—	—	—	glaw	glaw	glav	rain
gnúis	gnùis	grooish	gnis	greuv	—	face, brow, jaw
gob	gob	gob	—	—	—	beak, bill, point
—	—	—	gogledd	gogledh	gougleiz, gouglez	left, north
goirt	goirt	gort	—	—	—	salted, sore, bitter
—	—	—	golau	golow	gouloù	light, bright, fair
gort	gort	—	garth	orth	garth	field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain
gráinneog	gràineag	graynoge	—	—	—	hedgehog
grian	grian	grian	—	—	—	sun
gruaig	gruag	gruag	—	—	—	hair
—	—	—	gwaed	goos	gwad	blood
—	—	—	gwddf, gwddw, gwddwg	—	gouzoug, goûg	throat, neck
—	—	—	gwenynen	gwenenen	gwenanenn	(honey) bee
—	—	—	gwiber, colwiber	—	wiber, naerwiber	snake, adder, viper
—	—	—	gwyrdd	gwyrdh, gwer	gwer	green
—	—	—	hanner	hanter	hanter	half
—	—	—	hiraeth	hireth	hiraezh	longing, homesick(ness), melancholy
—	—	—	huan	—	huon	sun, eye
—	—	—	hud	hud	hud	magic
—	—	—	hwrdd	hordh	(h)ourz	ram
—	—	—	iain	yeyn	yen	cold, freezing, icy
iasc	iasg	eeast	wysg	—	—	fish
icht*	—	—	iaith	yeth	yezh	language, people
inbhear	inbhir	inver	—	—	—	river mouth, estuary, confluence
inchinn	eanchainn	—	ymennydd	ympynnyon	empenn	mind, brain
iníon	nighean	inneen, 'neen	—	—	—	daughter, girl
intinn	inntinn	inçhyn	—	—	—	brain
ith	ith	ee	ysu	esat*	—	to eat
—	—	—	iwrch	yorgh	yourc'h	roe-deer
lá	latha	laa	—	—	—	day
láib	làban	—	—	loub	—	mire, mud, slime
lax*	—	—	llaes	lows	laosk	loose, slack, lax
lacha	lach	laagh	—	—	—	duck
láir	làir	laair	—	—	—	mare
lámhainn	làmhainn	lauean	—	—	—	glove
—	—	—	—	lavrek	lavreg	trousers
le	le	lesh	—	—	—	with, by
leastar	leastar	—	llestr	lester	lestr	vessel, ship, cup, vase
leann	—	—	llen	len	lenn	cloak, mantle, curtain
léann	léigheann	—	llên	lien	lenn	to read, reading, literature, learning
lear	lear	—	llŷr	—	—	sea, ocean, channel
leiceann	lethcheann	lieckan	—	—	—	cheek
léigh	leugh	lhaih	lleaf, lleu	—	—	to read, literature
leitir	leitir	—	—	—	—	hillside, slope
léine	lèine	lheiney	—	—	—	shirt, tunic, girdle
lia	lèigh, lighiche	lhee	—	—	—	doctor, healer, physician
lios	lios	—	llys	lis	lez	ringfort, court, fairy mound
líth	lì	—	—	—	lid	festival, prosperity, ceremony
—	—	—	llanerch	lannergh	lanneg	glade, clearing, pasture
—	—	—	llawen	lowen, lowenek	laouen	happy, merry
—	—	—	lloer	loor	loar	moon
—	—	—	llygad	lagas	lagad	eye
—	—	—	llysywen, 'slywen	sylli	silienn	eel
loarn*	—	—	llewyrn	lowarn	louarn	fox
lobhar	lobhar	lourane	llwfr	—	lovr	weak, cowardly, leper
lom	lom	lhome	llwm	lomm	—	bare, naked
lon, lon dubh	lon, lòn-dubh	lhondoo, lhonnag	—	—	—	blackbird, thrush, ouzel
lón	lòn	—	—	—	—	food, repast, lunch
long	long	lhong	llong	—	—	ship, vessel
longach	longadh	lhongey	—	—	—	meal, consuming, sustenance
lonn	lonn	—	llon	—	—	merry, fierce, bold
lorg	lorg	lorgey	—	—	—	to search
—	loth	lhiy	llwdn	lodn	loen	filly, colt, animal, bullock
luaidhe	luaidhe	leoaie	—	—	—	lead
luas	lùthas	laueys	—	—	—	speed, earliness
luath	luath	leah	lleygys, lleiges	—	—	quick, fast, early, soon
machaire	machair	magher	magwyr	—	moger	plain, field, wall
madain	madainn	maddin, madjin	—	—	—	morning
madra rua	madadh-ruadh	—	—	—	—	fox
madra uisce	madadh-uisge	moddey ushtey	—	—	—	otter, beaver
madra, madadh	madadh	moddey	madyn, madog	—	—	dog, fox
magairle	magairle	maggle	—	—	—	testicle
—	maigheach	mwaagh	—	—	—	hare
maighean	—	—	maen	men	maen	stone, place
mair	mair	—	—	—	—	to live
mall	mall	moal	—	—	—	slow, late
mathúin	mathan	maghouin	—	—	—	bear
mear	mear	merre	miri	meri	—	quick, fast, lively
méar	meur	mair	—	—	—	finger, toe
—	—	—	mechdeyrn, mychdeyrn, machdeyrn	metern, myghtern	machtiern*	king
—	—	—	meddyg	medhek	mezeg	doctor
—	—	—	melyn	melyn	melen	yellow, blonde
milis	milis	millish	melys	melys	—	sweet
—	—	—	min	min	min	lip, mouth, pout
minseach	minnseag, minnseach	minjagh	—	—	—	nanny goat
miotóg, mitín	miotag	—	miten, mitin	—	miton	mitten, glove
moch	moch	mogh	moch	meuch*	—	early, soon
moirb*	—	—	morgrugyn, mor, mŷr, myrr	moryon	merion	ant
mol	mol	moyl	moli	—	meuliñ	to praise
—	—	—	morthwyl	morthol	morzhol	hammer
muineál	muineal	mwannal	mwnwgl, mwnwg, mynwgl	—	—	neck
muinithir*	—	—	mynd	mos	monet	to go
muintir	muinntir	mooinjer	—	—	—	household, folk, family
mullach	mullach	mullagh	—	—	—	top, roof
múr	mùr	—	mur	—	mur	wall
—	—	—	nant	nans	ant	stream
nasc	naisg	naisht	—	—	naskañ	to bind, to fasten
neacht	nigh	—	nith	nith, noyth	nizh	niece, daughter
nigh	nigh	niee	—	—	—	to wash
nimh	nimh	nieu	—	—	—	poison, venom
nocht	nochd	—	noeth	noth	noazh	naked, bare
nod	nòd	—	nod	nos	not	note, mark, symbol
oide	oide	gegjey	—	—	—	foster-father, teacher, tutor
oighear	eigh	—	iain	yeyn	yen	frost, ice
oileán	eilean	ellan	—	—	—	island
olc	olc	olk	—	—	—	evil, bad
ól	òl	oyl	—	—	—	to drink
oráid	—	—	arawt	areth	eured	prayer
ord	òrd	oard	gordd	—	horzh	hammer
os	os	—	ych	oghen	oc'hen	ox, deer
—	—	—	pared	parys	pared	ready, convenient, cooked
píce	pìc	—	pig	pig	pik	pickaxe, pike, peak
—	—	—	pell	pell	pell	far, disant, long
—	—	—	pigell	pigell	pigell	goad, hoe, mattock
pís*	—	—	pwys	poos	pouez	weight, heavy, important
—	—	—	poeth	pooth	poazh	hot, cooked
—	—	—	pont	pons	pont	bridge
—	—	—	porchell	porghel	porc'helleg	piglet, sow
príosún	prìosan	pryssoon	—	prison	prizon	prison
—	—	—	pryd	prys	pred	time, moment
—	—	—	pysgod	pysk, pesk	pesked	fish
ráth	ràth	raah	—	—	—	rampart, ring-fort
ré	raon	rheam	—	—	run	field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain
re	ri	rish	—	—	—	with, to, against, as
réilig	réilig, réileag	ruillick, rhullick	—	—	—	graveyard, ossuary
reithe	reithe	rea	—	—	—	ram
—	—	—	rhyd	rys	red	ford
—	—	—	rhydd	rydh	rid*	free, cheap
rí	ruighe	roih	—	—	—	forearm, arm
rian	rian	rane	—	—	—	course, path, method, river
rian	rian	rane	—	—	—	course, path, method, river
riathar	—	—	rhaeadr	—	—	waterfall, torrent
ród	rathad	raad	rhawd	—	roud	road, course, route
sámh	sàimh	—	—	—	—	peace, tranquility, rest
sámhach	sàmhach	—	—	—	—	silent, quiet, calm
Samhain	Samhain	Sauin, Souney	—	—	—	Halloween, November
—	—	—	samonsamwn	sowman	somon	salmon
sanas	sanas	sannish	hanes	hanas	—	whisper, history, secret
saol	saoghal	seihll	—	—	—	world, existence, lifetime
saor	saor	seyr	—	—	—	free, cheap
saor	saor	seyr	saer	ser	—	craftsman, carpenter, mason
—	—	—	sarff	serpont, sarf	sarpant	snake, serpent
—	—	saveeney	huno	—	—	to sleep, slumber
scamall	sgòth	—	—	—	—	cloud
scian	sgian	skyeen	ysgïen, sgien	—	skejañ	knife, to sever
sealbh	sealbh	shelloo	(h)elw	—	—	luck, fortune, profit
—	sgiarnag	—	ysgyfarnog, sgyfarnog	skovarnek	scouarnec	hare, long-eared
scornach	sgòrnan	scoarnagh	—	—	—	throat, mouth
scréachóg, scréachóg choille	sgreuchag, sgreuchag-choille	screeaghag, screeaghag cheylley	sgrechog, (y)sgrech y coed	—	—	jay
séad	séad	—	hynt	hens, hyns	hent	path, way, course, road
seangán	seangan	sniengan	—	—	—	ant
searrach	searrach	sharragh	—	—	—	foal
séd*	—	—	hydd	—	heizes	stag, hart, deer
—	—	—	segur	syger	sigur	idle, lazy, slow
seileán	seillean	shellan	—	—	—	bee
seill	seill	sahll	—	—	—	fat, blubber, suet
ser*	—	—	sêr	ster	ster	river, star
—	sicir	shickyr	sicr, siŵr	sur	segur	sure, cetain, shrewd
sionnach	sionnach, seannach	shynnagh	—	—	—	fox
siúil	siubhail	shooill	—	—	—	to walk
sith-*	—	—	hyd	hes	hed	length, long, extent
slí	slighe	sleayd	—	—	—	path, track, offspring
slaod	slaod	sleayd	—	—	—	layer, raft, trudge
sliabh	sliabh	slieau	—	—	—	mountain, moorland, hillside
sliocht	sliochd	sluight	llwybr	—	—	path, track, section, offspring
—	smarach, (lad)	—	merch	myrgh	merc'h	daughter, girl
smólach	smeòrach, smèarach, smaolach	—	mwyalch	molgh, molgh dhu	moualc'h, moualc'h zu	blackbird, thrush, ouzel
snaidhm	snaidhm	sniem	nadd	—	nascañ	knot, carving, hinder
sneachta	sneachd	sniaghtey	nyf	—	—	snow
sníomh	snìomh	sneeu	—	—	—	to spin, twist
soc	—	—	hwch	hogh	ho(u)c'h	sow, pig, swine
sona	sona	sonney	—	—	—	happy, merry
spéir	speur	speyr	sffêr	—	sfer, sphère	sky, sphere
spúnóg	spàin	spein	—	—	—	spoon
—	stàilinn	staillin	—	—	—	steel
stoirm	stoirm	sterrym	(y)storm	—	—	storm
—	stuth	stoo	stwff	stoff	—	material, stuff, substance
—	—	—	sych	sygh, segh	sec'h	dry
—	—	—	sychu	segha	sec'hañ	to dry
—	—	—	tad	tas	tad	father
tál	tàl	taal	—	—	—	adze
talamh	talamh	thalloo	—	—	—	ground, earth, land
tapa	tapadh	tappee	—	—	—	quick, fast, cleverness
tar, tig	thig	tar, çheet	—	—	—	to come
te	teth	çheh	—	—	—	heat
téigh	tèid	—	ardwy*	—	—	to go
teillén	—	—	telyn	telyn	telenn	harp
thuaidh	tuath	twoaie	—	—	—	left, north
tirim	tioram	çhirrym	—	—	—	dry
tom	tom	tom	tom	—	—	hillock, knoll, mound
tonn	tonn	—	ton	ton*	tonn	surface, land, skin
tonóg	tunnag	thunnag	—	—	—	duck
torc	torc	—	twrch	torgh	tourc'h	wild boar, hog
trácht	—	—	traeth	treth	traezh	beach, shore, sand
tráth	tràth	traa	trawd(d)	trad	—	time, hour, course, way
treibh	treabh, treubh	—	tre(f)	trev	trev	town, house, farmstead
—	—	—	trigio, godrig(af)	triga	guotric*	to live, to remain
tríocha	trichead	treead	—	—	tregont	thirty
triomaigh	tiormaich	chyrmaghey	—	—	—	to dry
—	—	—	trist	trist	trist	sad
triús	triubhas	troosyn	trywsus, trowsus, trywser	—	—	trousers
troid	trod	troddan	—	—	—	fight, quarrel
trom	trom	trome	trwm	trom*	—	heavy
truis	druid	treshlen	tresglen	—	dresk	blackbird, thrush, ouzel
—	—	—	—	truth	dluzh	trout
—	—	—	trwyn	tron	—	nose
tua	tuagh	teigh	—	—	—	axe, hatchet
—	—	—	twym	tomm, tobm	tomm	warm, hot
—	—	—	tylluan	—	toud	owl
—	—	—	tywydd	tewedha	—	weather
uabhar	uabhar	—	ofer	euver	euver	vain, pride, worthless, bland
uafásach	uabhasach	—	—	—	—	horrible, terrible
uaigh	uaigh	oaie, oaye	—	—	—	grave, tomb
uaimh	uaimh	oghe, ooig	(g)ogof	gogow	—	cave
uaine	uaine	eayney, geayney	—	—	—	green
ualach	uallach	—	—	—	—	burden, load
uath	uabhas	—	uthr	euth	euz	horror, dread, fright
ucht	uchd	ught	—	—	—	chest, breast, lap
uisce	uisge	ushtey	—	—	—	water
ulchabhán	ullaid	hullad	—	oula	—	owl
ullamh	ullamh	ullee	—	—	—	ready, finished, prepared
umha	umha	ooha	efydd	—	—	copper, bronze, brass
úr	ùr	oor	ir	yr	—	new, fresh, verdant
urnaí	ùrnaigh	yeearree	—	—	—	prayer
—	ursa	—	—	ors	ourz	bear
—	—	—	wybr	ebron	oabl	sky, air
—	—	—	yfory	a-vorow	(w)arc'hoazh	tomorrow
—	—	—	ysgyfarn*	skovarn	skouarn	ear, handle

A collection of Celtic cognates, with definitions, pronunciation, etymologies - includes the modern Celtic languages, older versions of these languages, such as Middle Welsh, Old Irish, and their extinct and reconstructed relatives and ancestors, including Gaulish, Celtiberian, Proto-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic.

On the Celtiadur site you can find out more about the meanings of these words, their pronunciation and etymologies, and related words in older, extinct and reconstructed Celtic languages, such as Middle Welsh, Old Irish, Gaulish and Proto-Celtic.

On the Celtic Pathways podcast I discuss connections between the Celtic languages, and words in other languages with Celtic roots.

Celtic cognates

Celtiadur

Information about Celtic languages

Breton, Celtiberian, Cornish, Cumbric, Gaulish, Irish, Lepontic, Lusitanian, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh

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