Partical Celtic Cognates

These words are cognate (related) in two or more of the six modern Celtic languages. Click on the English translations to find out more about them on the Celtiadur blog

Gaeilge (Irish)	Gàidhlig (Gaelic)	Gaelg (Manx)	Cymraeg (Welsh)	Kernewek (Cornish)	Brezhoneg (Breton)	English
abhaill	abhall	—	afallen	avalen	avalwez	apple tree
abair	abair	abbyr	—	—	—	to say, to speak
ábhar	adhbar	oyr		—	—	material, matter, reason
—	—	—	a(c)	ha(g)	ha(g)	and, while
achadh	achadh	—	—	—	—	field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain
adha	—	—	addas	—	adas†	fitting, worthy, proper
adhal	adhal	aall		—	—	fork, trident
—	adhbrann	abane	—	—	—	ankle
admhaigh	—	—	addef	—	anavout	to acknowledge, admit
agh	agh	—	eilon, eilion	—	—	stag, deer, hart
aghaidh	aghaidh	oai	—	—	—	face, front
aí, a(o)i	ai	—	hwyaden	hos	houad	duck, swan
ol†	ail	—	ôl	ol	heul	since, mark, footprint, track
aineach, eineach	eanach	—	wyneb	enep	eneb	face, honour, reputation
ainmhí	ainmhidh		anifail	eneval	aneval	animal, beast
ainnir	ainnir	—	anner	annor	annoar	heifer, girl, maiden
airchinneach	airchinneach	—	arbennig	arbennik	arbennik	special, steward, erenagh
áireamh	àireamh	earroo	eirif	—	eirimotor†	number, count(ing), sum
áirí	àirigh	eairee	—	—	—	hill pasture, sheiling, milking place
áitreabh	aitreabh	—	adref	dhe-dre	—	habitation, building, homewards
Alba	Alba	Nalbin	Yr Alban	Alban	—	Scotland
Albain Nua	Alba Nuadh	(Yn) Albin Noa, Nalbin Noa	Alban Newydd	Alban Nowydh	—	Nova Scotia
allúrach	allmharach	—	allmyr	—	—	foreign(er), exotic, strange(r)
allta	allaidh	oaldey	—	—	—	wild, savage, predatory
—	—	—	allwedd	alhwedh	alc'hwez	key
altán	ealtainn	—	ellyn	alsen, alten	aotenn	razor, sharp knife
am	àm	am	—	—	—	time
amh	amh	aw	of	—	—	raw, uncooked
amhas	amhas	—	amaeth	ammeth	ambaith†	servant, ploughman, savage
—	—	—	ar draws	a-dreus	a-dreuz	across, traverse
araile	—	—	arall	aral	arall	(an)other
aran	aran	arran	—	—	—	bread
arbeir†	—	—	arfer	—	—	use, usage, practice
arc(án)	orc(an)	ark	—	—	—	piglet, sow
arg†	—	—	eira	ergh	erc'h	snow
art†	àra	—	arth	arth	arzh	bear
áru†	—	arrey	aren	—	—	kidney
—	—	—	asgwrn	askorn	askorn	bone
áth	àth	aah	—	—	—	ford
athair	athair	ayr	-atr†	—	—	father
—	—	—	awel	awel	avel	wind, breeze
—	—	—	awyren	ayren	—	aeroplane, aircraft, balloon
bailc	bailc	—	balch	balgh	balc'h	proud, arrogant, strong
baile	baile	balley	beili	—	—	home, town, bailey
báisteach	baisteach	Bashtagh	—	—	—	rain, Baptist
balla	balla	boalley	gwal, wal	gwal	—	wall
bán	bàn	bane	bân†	—	—	white, fair
bainis	banais	bannish	—	—	—	wedding
—	—	—	balog	—	beleg	priest, leader
baoth	baoth	—	—	—	—	foolish, vain, gidy
bás	bàs	basse	—	—	—	death
básaigh	bàsaich	geddyn basse	—	—	—	to die, dead
basc†	basc†	—	baich	begh	bec'h	load, burden
bascead	basgaid	basca(i)d, baskad	basgeg	basket	—	basket, pannier
beach	beach	—	—	—	—	bee, drone
bearach	biorach	—	bustach (?)	—	—	bullock, heifer
béarla, Béarla	Beurla	Baarle	—	—	—	speech, English
béas	beus	beaoil	moes	—	boaz	habit, virtue, moral(ity)
—	—	—	bedd	bedh	bez	grave, ditch
béile	beil	—	—	—	—	meal, diet
beithíoch	beathach	baagh	—	—	—	animal, beast
biail	biail†	—	bwyell	bool	bouc'hal	axe, hatchet
bile	bile	billey	pill	—	pil	tree, mast, bush, trunk
biss†	—	—	bys	bys	biz	finger
—	—	—	biwro	buro	burev	bureau, office
blár	blàr	—	blawr	—	—	grey, pale-blue, white
—	—	—	blawd	bleus	bleud	flour
bleidmhíol†	bleidh-mhial	—	blaidd	bleydh	bleiz	wolf, sea monster
—	—	—	blew	blew	blev	hair, bristles
—	bòc	—	boch	bogh	boc'h	cheek, bloat
—	—	—	boda, bwncath	bargos	baou	buzzard
bog	bog	bog	—	—	boug	soft, tender
boil(l)scén†	buillsgean	—	bogel	begel	begel	navel, centre, core
bolaigh	boladh	—	—	—	—	to taste, to smell
bonn	bonn	boyn	—	—	—	sole, base, foot
—	bòtann, bòtais, bùtais	bootys	bot(is), bwtias	botas	botez	boot, shoe
borr	bòrr	—	—	—	—	puffed up, swollen, proud
bóthar	bòthar	bayr	beudr	bownder		road, alley, lane
brac	brac	—	braich	bregh	brec'h	arm, hand
bradán	bradan	braddan	—	—	—	salmon
braon	braon	brey (?)	—	—	—	drop, drizzle
bran	bran	—	brân	bran	bran	crow, raven
bras	bras	—	bras	bras	bras	great, big, swift
brat	brat	brat	brat	—	brozh	cloak, mantle, skirt
bréag	breug	breag	—	—	—	lie, falsehood
—	—	—	brenin	bryntin, brentin	brientin	king, aristocrat
brí	bre†	—	bre	bre	bre	hill, mount, hillock, height
briathar	briathar	breear	brwydr	—	—	word, verb, battle
briocht	—	—	lled(f)rith	—	brith†	charm, spell, enchantment
briosc	brisg	brishlagh brishtagh	brisg	—	bresk	brittle, fragile, brisk
bríste	briogais	breeçhyn	brits(h)	—	bragez, bragoù	trousers, breeches
—	—	—	brith	brith	brizh	speckled, variegated
—	—	—	brithyll	brithel	brezel	trout, mackerel
bróg	bròg	braag	brog	—	—	shoeboot
brollach	brollach	brollagh	—	—	—	breast, bosom
brón	bròn	bran	brwyn	—	—	sad
bruth	bruth	brooan	brwd	—	broud	hot, heat, rash
—	—	—	brydio	bryjyon	broudañ	to boil, to burn
—	—	—	buan	buan	buan	fast, lively, quick
buí	buidhe	bwee	—	—	—	yellow
buinne	—	—	ben	—	—	cart, wagon, wattle
bunadh	bunadh	bunneydagh	bonedd	—	—	origin, nobility, lineage
bus	bus	bus(s), barroose	bws	—	bus	bus
—	—	—	byson	bysow	bizou	ring, jewel
cadrán	—	—	cadarn	cadarn†	—	hard, strong
—	—	—	caer	ker	kaer	fort, town
caí†	—	—	cae	ke	kae	field, hedge
caib	caibe	kiebbey	caib	—	—	pickaxe, spade, dibble
—	caill†	—	caill	kell	kell	testicle
cailleach	cailleach	caillagh	—	—	—	old woman, hag, witch
cailleach oíche	cailleach-oidhche	caillagh oie	—	—	—	owl
cáin	càin	—	—	—	—	fine, tax, duty
caint	cainnt	caaynt	—	—	—	speech, to speak, talk
caladh	cala	calloo, callee	—	—	—	harbour, landing place
caladh	—	—	caled	kales	kalet	hard, stingy
—	—	—	callor, callawr	kalter	kaoter	cauldron, kettle, boiler
—	—	—	calon	kolon	kalon	heart, soul
cana	cana	—	cenau	—	—	cub, puppy, kitten
caoin	caoin	keain	cain	—	ken	tender, gentle, mild
caoch	caoch	kyagh	coeg	koog	—	one-eyed, blind
caol	caol	keyl	cul	kul	—	narrow
caomh	caomh	—	cu	kuv	kuñv	dear, gentle, sweet
caora	caora	keyrrey	caer†	—	—	sheep, ewe, roebuck
cas	cas	cast	—	—	—	curly, twisted, complicated,difficulty
casadh	casadh	cassey	—	—	—	to curl, twist, turn
casair	casair	—	cesair	keser	kazarc'h	hail
—	—	—	caseg	kasek	kazeg	mare
casúr	casar	casoor	—	—	—	hammer
cathair	cathair	caayr	—	—	—	fortress, monastery, city
cealg	cealg	kialg	celc celg	gil	—	treachery, guile, deceit
ceannaigh	ceannaich	chionnaghey	—	—	—	to buy, to purchase
cearc	cearc	kiark	—	—	—	hen, chicken
ceart	ceart	kiart	certh	—	—	right, just, true
—	—	—	cefn	keyn	kein	back
—	—	—	cegin	kegin	kegin	kitchen
—	—	—	cegin	kegin	kegin, kegin-derv	jay, woodpecker
ceil	ceil	keill	cêl	kel	—	to hide, to conceal
ceo	ceò	kay, kyeoh	—	—	—	fog, mist
—	—	—	cerdded	kerdhes	kerzhet	to walk
cét†	—	—	gan	gans	gant	with, by, together
—	—	—	chwech	hweg	c'hwek	sweet, delicate
—	—	—	chwilio	hwilas	c'houilia	to search, to seek
—	—	—	cinio	kinnyow	koanier	dinner, supper, to dinev
cinnteach	cinnteach	kinjagh	—	—	—	definite, certain, constant
cíos	cìs	keesh	—	—	—	rent, tax, fine
ciotach	ciotach	kyttagh	chwith	—	—	left
cis, ciséan	cis, cisean, ciosan	kishan	—	—	—	basket, creel
cistin	cistin	kishteen	—	—	—	kitchen
cláirseach	clàrsach	claasagh	—	—	—	harp
clamhán	clamhan	clowan	—	—	—	buzzard
clár	clàr	claare	clawr	—	kleur	board, table, cover
cleacht	cleachd	claightey	—	—	—	custom, use, habit
cló	clò	clou	clo	—	klaou	bolt, lock, nail
cloichshneachta	clach-shneachd	claghyn sniaghtee	—	—	—	hail, hailstones
cloth	clòth†	—	clod	clos†	klod	fame, praise, renown
cluain	cluain	—	clun	—	—	meadow, pasture, moor
cluas	cluas	cleaysh	clust	—	—	ear
cnámh	cnàimh	craue	cnaw	—	—	bone, skull
cneas	cneas	—	cnawd	kneus	kneud (?)	skin, flesh
—	—	—	coch	coch, cough	—	red
codail	caidil	caddil	—	—	—	to sleep
—	—	—	coed, coeden	koos	koad	forest, wood, tree
cogadh	cogadh	caggey	—	—	—	war, fighting
cogar	cogar	—	cyngor	—	—	whisper, advice, counsel
coir	coire	—	caredd	cara†	karez	mistake, sin
cóir	còir	cair	cywair	—	—	just, rightful
cóiste	còidse, coidse, còiste, coiste	couch	coetsh, coets, coits	kocha	—	coach, carriage
—	comhachag	—	cuan	kowann, cowan	kaouenn	owl
colainn	colann	callin	celain	—	kelan	body, torso, corpse
collach	cullachcollach	collagh muc	ceilliog	—	kalloc'h	boar, hog, stallion
—	—	—	coludd	kolodhyon	kaouded	intestine, guts, heart
colum†	—	—	cwlwm	kolm, kolmen	skoulmoù, skoulm	knot
com	—	—	cwm	komm	komm	(deep) valley, coombe
comhar	coimheart	—	cymar	kespar	—	partner(ship), companion, spouse
comhdháil	còmhdhàil	coardail	cynhadledd	—	—	meeting, accord, conference
—	—	—	comio	kows, kewsel	komz, kaozeal	to speak, to say, to talk
cónaígh	còmhnaidh	cummal	—	—	—	to live, to grip
cora	caradh	—	cored	—	kored	weir, dam
corcra	corcar	—	porffor	purpur	pourpré	purple
cos	cas, cos	cass	coes	koos	—	leg, foot
cosán	casan	cassan	—	—	—	path
cosúil	cosail	cosoylagh	cyhafal	kehaval	—	resembling, similar, alike
céide	cèide	—	pant	pans	pant	hill(ock), hollow, slope
craobh	craobh	crouw	—	—	—	branch, tree, bush
crean	crean	—	prynu	prena	prenañ	to buy, to purchase, to obtain
—	—	—	cramen		kramenn	scab, sore, crust
—	—	—	crëyr	—	*querhair	heron
—	—	—	cri	kriv	kriz	raw, crude
crodh	crodh	—	—	—	—	cattle, wealth, dowry
cróga	crògha	—	—	—	—	cruel, brave, bold
cró	crò	—	crau	krow	—	blood, gore
—	—	—	cragen, crogen	krogen	krogenn	shell(s)
cruach	cruaidh	creoighey	—	—	—	steel
cruinniú	cruinneachadh	cruinnaght	crynhofa	—	—	gathering, assembly
cruit	cruit	cruitçh	crwth	krowd	—	harp, crwth, fiddle
cruth	cruth	croo	pryd	—	—	shape, form
—	—	—	cryf	krev	kreñv	strong, forceful, solid
cúacca†	—	—	gwag	gwag	gwak	empty, soft, delicate
cuan	cuan	keayn	—	—	—	sea, ocean, harbour, bay
cuarán	cuaran	carrane	cu(a)ran, cwaran	—	—	boot, sandal
cuas	cuas	—	cau	kew	kev	hollow, cavity, cave
—	—	—	cudd	kudh	kuzh	secret, hidden
—	—	—	cusan	kussyn	—	kiss
—	—	—	cwch	kok	kouc'h	boat, beehive
—	—	—	cwmwl	kommol	koumoul	fog, mist, cloud
—	—	—	cwsg	kosk	kousked	sleep, slumber
—	—	—	cwyn	kon	koan	dinner, supper
—	—	—	cyffylog	kevelek	kefeleg	woodcock
—	—	—	cyllell	kollell	kontell	knife
—	—	—	cynnull	kuntel	kuntuilh	collection, gathering, picking
—	—	—	cysgu	koska	kousket	to sleep
—	—	—	cywaith	koweth(es)	—	companion, comrade, friend
dáil	dàil	—	dadl	dadhel	dael	meeting, assembly, argument
dais	dais	—	das	das	—	heap, stack, pile
damhna	damhna	—	defnydd	devnydh	danvez	matter, material, substance
dán	dàn	daan	dawn	—	donezon	poem, gift, faculty
dalta	dalta	doltey	—	—	—	foster child, pupil, disciple
—	—	—	danas	—	demm	(fallow) deer
daor	daor	deyr	—	—	—	servile, unfree, expensive
dara	dala	derrey	—	—	—	second
dath	dath	daah	—	—	—	colour, dye
dea-	deagh	—	da	da	da	good, well, pleasant
dealg	dealg	jialg	dala	delc†	—	needle, pin, sting
déan	dèan	jean	geni	—	—	to do, to make
dearg	dearg	jiarg	—	—	—	red
deisceabal	deisgiobal	—	disgybl	dyskybel	diskibl	disciple, pupil
dinnéar	dinnear	jinnair	—	—	—	dinner
díog	dìg	jeeg	—	—	—	ditch, dike, trench
—	—	—	diogel	diogel	diogel	safe, secure, sure
díon	dìon	jeen	—	—	—	protection, waterproof, roof
—	—	—	disgyn	diyskynna, skynnya	diskenn	to descend
dlí	dlighe	—	dyled	—	dlead	law, debt, duty
dochtúir	dotair	doghtoor	—	—	—	doctor
—	—	—	dod, dyfod	dos	donet	to come
doineann	doineann	dorrin	—	—	—	stormy weather, storm, tempest
doirb	doirb	durrag	—	—	—	worm, larva, beetle
dóthain	daothain	saie	—	—	—	enough, sufficiency
domhan	domhan	dowan	dwfn, dyfn	—	—	world, earth, universe
dona	dona	donney	—	—	—	bad, unfortunate
donn	donn	dhone	dwn	—	—	brown, dun
dorcha	dorcha	dorraghey	—	—	—	dark(ness), obscure
—	—	—	—	dowrlam	lamm-dour	waterfall
—	—	—	draenog	—	draeneg	hedgehog
dreach	dreach	dreagh	drych	—	derch†	look, aspect, expression, face
droichead	drochaid	droghad	—	—	—	bridge
droim	druim	dreeym	—	—	—	back, ridge
druil	dril(e)	drilley	drill	—	—	drill
drúth	drùth	—	drud	drudh	—	fool, dear, cherished
duais	duais	—	—	—	—	gift, prize, reward
duileasc	duileasg	dullish	delysg	—	tellesk	dulse (Palmaria palmata)
dul	dol	goll	—	—	—	to go
—	—	—	dwyn	don	dougen	to lead, bear, carry
—	—	—	—	dybri	debriñ	to eat
éacht	euchd	—	aeth	—	—	slaugher, exploit, pain
eachtra	eachtradh	—	eithr	—	—	episode, adventure, outside
éadan	aodann	eddin	—	—	—	font, face, facade
éadrom	aotrom	eddrym	—	—	—	light, frivolous
éadromaigh	aotromaich	eddrymaghey	—	—	—	to lighten
éag	eug	—	angau	ankow	ankow	dead, death, deceased
eagla	eagal	aggle	—	—	—	fear, horror
eallach	eallaidh	ollagh	—	—	—	cattle, cow
earc	earc	—	erch	—	—	mottled, speckled
eas	eas	assag	—	—	—	stoat, weasel
—	—	—	eang	efan	—	wide, broad
eas	eas	eas	—	—	—	waterfall
éasca	èasga	eayst	—	—	—	moon
eascann	easgann	astan	—	—	—	eel
—	—	—	ehedydd, hedydd	evidit†, ahwesydh	ehuedez†, alc'hweder	(sky)lark
—	—	—	eidion	ojyon	ejon	bullock, heifer
éigh	èigh	eie	—	—	—	to cry (out), shout, call
éiligh	eile†	—	wylo	ola	gouelañ	to cry, to weep, claim, prayer
eire	eire	errey	arau	—	—	load, burden
eitleán	itealan	etlan	—	—	—	aeroplane, aircraft
eitre	eitre	eerey	rhych	—	reg	furrow, trench
eo	eòeog	—	eog	eghek	eog	salmon
eorna	eòrna	oarn	—	—	yell	barley, spelt
—	—	—	esgid	eskis	—	shoeboot
—	—	—	esgyn	ascendya, yskynna	—	to ascend
esna	asna	asney	ais	asownn	—	rib
—	—	—	estron	estren	estren	foreign, strange
—	—	—	ewig	euhic†	—	deer, hart, stag
fabhcún	faolchon	—	ffawcwn, ffawlcwn	falghun	falc'hun	falcon, hawk
fad	fad	foddid	—	—	—	length, distance, duration
fada	fada	foddey	—	—	—	long, far, tall
fadhb	fadhb	uddan	oddf	—	—	knot, lump, problem
fáigh	fàidh	fadeyr	gwawd	—	—	seer, prophet, poem
fáinleog, áinleog	fainnleag, ainnleag	—	gwennol	gwennol	gwennel	swallow, martin
fáinne	fàinne	fainey	—	—	—	ring, circle, coil
—	fàl	faayl, foll	pâl	pal	pal	scythe, spade, shovel
fairged†	—	—	gwneud	gul	ober	to do, to make
fann	fann	—	gwan	gwann	gwan	weak, feeble
faol	faol	filliu	—	—	—	wolf, wild dog
farraige	fairge	faarkey	—	—	—	sea, ocean
fás	fàs	faase	—	—	—	empty
fé†	—	—	gwialen	gwelen	gwial, gwalenn	rod(s), cane, pole
feadhain	feadhain	fwirran	gwedd	—	—	band, team, yoke, harness
féan	feun	fainagh	—	—	—	wagon, cart, chariot
feannóg	feannag	fannag	—	—	—	crow, rook
feic	faic	faik	—	—	—	to see, to be
feoil	feòil	feill	—	—	—	flesh, meat
fia	fiadh	feeaih	—	—	—	deer
fiach	fitheach	feeagh	gwyach	—	—	raven, grebe, crake
fial	fial	feoilt	gŵyl	—	—	modest, seemly
fiar	fiar	—	gŵyr	gwarr	gwar	crooked, bent, curve
file	filidh	feelee	—	—	—	seer, poet
fine	fine	—	—	—	gouenn	family, tribe, race
fios	fios	fys	gwŷs	—	—	knowledge, information
fliuchadh	fliuchadh	fliaghey	—	—	—	rain, wetting
flúr	plùr	flooyr	—	—	—	flour, flower
focal	facal	fockle	gwaethl	—	—	word, debate
fochraig	—	—	gwobr	gober	gopr	prize, reward, fee
foïd†	—	—	aros	gortos	ober	to wait, stay
folamh	falamh	follym	—	—	—	empty
folc(tha)	—	—	golchi	golhi	gwalc'hiñ	to wash
forc	forca	—	fforc	forgh	forc'h	fork
forás	foras	—	ffordd	fordh	—	street, alley, highway, journey, growth
fobhar	—	—	gofer	gover	gou(v)er	stream
fos	fos	—	ffos	fos	foz	wall, butress, ditch
fosadh	fosadh	—	gwastad	gwastas	gou(e)stad	stay, respite, flat, slow
foss†	—	—	gwas	gwas	gwaz	servant, boy, husband
frac†	—	—	gwrach	gwragh	gwrac'h	old woman, hag, witch
fuath	fuath	feoh	—	—	—	fearful, horror, terror
fuar	fuar	feayr	oer	oor	—	cold
fuirigh	fuirich	fariagh	—	—	—	to stay, to abide
fuiseog	uiseag	ushag	—	—	—	(sky)lark, bird
—	—	—	ffynnon	fenten	feunteun	spring, fountain, well
gabhlán, gabhlán gaoithe	gòbhlan, gobhlan-gaoithe	gollan, gollan geayee	—	—	—	swallow, swift, martin
gadhar	gadhar	—	—	—	—	beagle, hunting dog
gairr†	—	—	gar	garr	gar	leg, shank, thigh
galba	galba	—	gylfin	gelvin	golv	beak, nose
—	—	—	gallu	gallos	gallout	to be able to
gamhain	gamhainn	gauin	—	—	—	calf
gan	gun	gyn	—	—	ken	without, otherwise
gaoth	geodha	giau	—	—	—	inlet, estuary, cove
gaoth	gaoth	geay	—	—	—	wind
—	—	—	garan	garan	garan	crane, heron
garg	garg	garg	—	—	—	rough, acrid, bitter
gealach	gealach	giallagh	—	—	—	moon
geir	geir	geirr	gwêr	—	—	fat, tallow, grease
giorria	geàrr, gearrach, gearra(i)dh	—	—	—	—	hare
giúrann	giùran	—	gwyran	—	goirann†	barnacle (goose)
—	—	—	glaw	glaw	glav	rain
glór	glòr	glare	—	—	—	voice, speech
glé	glè	—	gloyw	glew	gloev	clear, very, bright
gnáth	gnàth	—	gnawd	gnas	gnot†	custom, habit, quality
gnúis	gnùis	grooish	gnis	greuv	—	face, brow, jaw
gob	gob	gob	—	—	—	beak, bill, point
—	—	—	gogledd	gogledh	gougleiz, gouglez	left, north
goirt	goirt	gort	—	—	—	salted, sore, bitter
—	—	—	golau	golow	gouloù	light, bright, fair
gort	gort	—	garth	orth	garth	field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain
gráinneog	gràineag	graynoge	—	—	—	hedgehog
grean, grian	grean	—	graean	—	—	grit, gravel
grian	grian	grian	—	—	—	sun
grineall	grinneal	grineen	—	—	—	sea bed, gravel, grit
griothal	grothal	—	gro	grow	grouan	gravel, shingle
grua	gruaidh	gruaie	grudd	grudh	—	cheek, brow, jaw
gruaig	gruag	gruag	—	—	—	hair
guth	guth	goo	—	—	—	voice, word, reputation
—	—	—	gwaed	goos	gwad	blood
—	—	—	gwddf, gwddw, gwddwg	—	gouzoug, goûg	throat, neck
—	—	—	gwenynen	gwenenen	gwenanenn	(honey) bee
—	—	—	gwiber, colwiber	—	wiber, naerwiber	snake, adder, viper
—	—	—	gwyrdd	gwyrdh, gwer	gwer	green
—	—	—	had	has	had	seed
—	—	—	hanner	hanter	hanter	half
héileacaptar	heileacoptair	—	helicopter	—	helikopt(a)er	helicopter
—	—	—	hiraeth	hireth	hiraezh	longing, homesick(ness), melancholy
—	—	—	huan	—	huon	sun, eye
—	—	—	hud	hud	hud	magic
—	—	—	hwrdd	hordh	(h)ourz	ram
—	—	—	iain	yeyn	yen	cold, freezing, icy
iasc	iasg	eeast	wysg	—	—	fish
icht†	—	—	iaith	yeth	yezh	language, people
imleacán	ilmeag	imleig	—	—	—	navel, belly button
inbhear	inbhir	inver	—	—	—	river mouth, estuary, confluence
inchinn	eanchainn	—	ymennydd	ympynnyon	empenn	mind, brain
iníon	nighean	inneen, 'neen	—	—	—	daughter, girl
intinn	inntinn	inçhyn	—	—	—	brain
ionad	ionad	ynnyd	—	—	—	place, site, location, centre
ith	ith	ee	ysu	esat†	—	to eat
—	—	—	iwrch	yorgh	yourc'h	roe-deer
lá	latha	laa	—	—	—	day
—	lagh	leigh	—	—	—	law, respect
láib	làban	—	—	loub	—	mire, mud, slime
láidir	làidir	lajer	—	—	—	strong, powerful
lax†	—	—	llaes	lows	laosk	loose, slack, lax
lacha	lach	laagh	—	—	—	duck
láir	làir	laair	—	—	—	mare
lámhainn	làmhainn	lauean	—	—	—	glove
—	—	—	—	lavrek	lavreg	trousers
le	le	lesh	—	—	—	with, by
lean	lean	lhian(t)	llynu	—	—	to follow, to pursue, to infect
leastar	leastar	—	llestr	lester	lestr	vessel, ship, cup, vase
leann	—	—	llen	len	lenn	cloak, mantle, curtain
léann	léigheann	—	llên	lien	lenn	to read, reading, literature, learning
lear	lear	—	llŷr	—	—	sea, ocean, channel
leiceann	lethcheann	lieckan	—	—	—	cheek
léigh	leugh	lhaih	lleaf, lleu	—	—	to read, literature
leitir	leitir	—	—	—	—	hillside, slope
léine	lèine	lheiney	—	—	—	shirt, tunic, girdle
leor	leòr	liooar	llawer	lowr	—	many, enough
lia	lèigh, lighiche	lhee	—	—	—	doctor, healer, physician
lios	lios	—	llys	lis	lez	ringfort, court, fairy mound
líth	lì	—	—	—	lid	festival, prosperity, ceremony
—	—	—	llanerch	lannergh	lanneg	glade, clearing, pasture
—	—	—	llawen	lowen, lowenek	laouen	happy, merry
—	—	—	llef	lev	leñv†	shout, cry, voice
—	—	—	lloer	loor	loar	moon
—	—	—	llygad	lagas	lagad	eye
—	—	—	llysywen, 'slywen	sylli	silienn	eel
loarn†	—	—	llewyrn	lowarn	louarn	fox
lobhar	lobhar	lourane	llwfr	—	lovr	weak, cowardly, leper
lom	lom	lhome	llwm	lomm	lomm	bare, naked
lon, lon dubh	lon, lòn-dubh	lhondoo, lhonnag	—	—	—	blackbird, thrush, ouzel
lón	lòn	—	—	—	—	food, repast, lunch
long	long	lhong	llong	—	—	ship, vessel
longach	longadh	lhongey	—	—	—	meal, consuming, sustenance
lonn	lonn	—	llon	—	—	merry, fierce, bold
lorg	lorg	lorgey	—	—	—	to search
—	loth	lhiy	llwdn	lodn	loen	filly, colt, animal, bullock
luaidhe	luaidhe	leoaie	—	—	—	lead
luas	lùthas	laueys	—	—	—	speed, earliness
luath	luath	leah	lleygys, lleiges	—	—	quick, fast, early, soon
luí†	—	—	llyw	lew	levier	rudder, pilot
mac léinn	mac-léighinn†	—	—	—	—	student
macasamhail	mac-samhail	macsoyley	—	—	—	like(ness), similar, instance
machaire	machair	magher	magwyr	—	moger	plain, field, wall
madain	madainn	maddin, madjin	—	—	—	morning
madra rua	madadh-ruadh	—	—	—	—	fox
madra uisce	madadh-uisge	moddey ushtey	—	—	—	otter, beaver
madra, madadh	madadh	moddey	madyn, madog	—	—	dog, fox
magairle	magairle	maggle	—	—	—	testicle
—	—	—	magu	maga	magañ	to raise, feed, nurture
maide	maide	maidjey	—	—	—	stick, wood, pole
—	maigheach	mwaagh	—	—	—	hare
maighean	—	—	maen	men	maen	stone, place
mair	mair	—	—	—	—	to live
mala	mala	mollee	—	—	malvenn	eyebrow, eyelid, eyelash
mall	mall	moal	—	—	—	slow, late
matal	mantal	—	mantell	mantel	mantell	mantle, cloak
mathúin	mathan	maghouin	—	—	—	bear
meabhraitheoir	—	—	myfyriwr	—	—	student, thoughtful person
mear	mear	merre	miri	meri	—	quick, fast, lively
méar	meur	mair	—	—	—	finger, toe
—	—	—	mechdeyrn, mychdeyrn, machdeyrn	metern, myghtern	machtiern†	king
medb†	—	—	meddw	medhow	mezv	intoxicating, drunk, intoxicated
—	—	—	meddyg	medhek	mezeg	doctor
—	—	—	melyn	melyn	melen	yellow, blonde
milis	milis	millish	melys	melys	—	sweet
míol mór	mial-mhór	meeyl mooar	—	—	—	whale, sea monster
—	—	—	min	min	min	lip, mouth, pout
minseach	minnseag, minnseach	minjagh	—	—	—	nanny goat
miotóg, mitín	miotag	—	miten, mitin	—	miton	mitten, glove
moch	moch	mogh	moch	meuch†	—	early, soon
—	mòd	mod	—	—	—	assembly, gathering, meeting
moirb†	—	—	morgrugyn, mor, mŷr, myrr	moryon	merion	ant
mol	mol	moyl	moli	—	meuliñ	to praise
mol	mol feairisid	mul	—	—	—	hub, axle, >nave
moncaí	moncaidh, muncaidh	—	mwnci, mynci, monci	—	—	monkey
—	—	—	morthwyl	morthol	morzhol	hammer
muineál	muineal	mwannal	mwnwgl, mwnwg, mynwgl	—	—	neck
muinithir†	—	—	mynd	mos	monet	to go
muintir	muinntir	mooinjer	—	—	—	household, folk, family
muirm(h)il†	—	—	morfil	morvil	morvil	whale, fish
mullach	mullach	mullagh	—	—	—	top, roof
múr	mùr	—	mur	—	mur	wall
—	—	—	nant	nans	ant	stream
nasc	naisg	naisht	—	—	naskañ	to bind, to fasten
neacht	nigh	—	nith	nith, noyth	nizh	niece, daughter
nigh	nigh	niee	—	—	—	to wash
nimh	nimh	nieu	—	—	—	poison, venom
nocht	nochd	—	noeth	noth	noazh	naked, bare
nocht†	—	—	nos	nos	noz	night
nod	nòd	—	nod	nos	not	note, mark, symbol
ogham	ogham	ogham	ogam	—	—	Ogham
oide	oide	gegjey	—	—	—	foster-father, teacher, tutor
oighear	eigh	—	iain	yeyn	yen	frost, ice
oileán	eilean	ellan	—	—	—	island
olc	olc	olk	—	—	—	evil, bad
—	—	—	olhau	holya	heulian	to follow, to trace
ollamh	ollamh	olloo	—	—	—	master, professor
ól	òl	oyl	—	—	—	to drink
oráid	òraid	oraid	arawt	areth	—	speech, lecture, oration, prayer
ord	òrd	oard	gordd	—	horzh	hammer
ortha	ortha	—	—	—	—	incantation, spell, charm
os	os	—	ych	oghen	oc'hen	ox, deer
paidir	paidir	padjer	—	—	—	prayer, devotion, paternoster
pailliún	pàillean	paal(an)	—	—	pavilhon	pavilion, tent
—	—	—	parod	parys	pared	ready, convenient, cooked
paróiste	parasite	—	—	—	—	parish
peall	peall	—	pall	pall	—	pelt, skin, blanket, cloak
—	—	—	pell	pell	pell	far, disant, long
—	—	—	pen-glin, pen-lin	penn glin, pedn glin	penn-glin	knee
—	—	—	pendefig	pennsevik, pednsyvik	pinvidik	chief, prince, rich
píce	pìc	—	pig	pig	pik	pickaxe, pike, peak
—	—	—	pigell	pigell	pigell	goad, hoe, mattock
piosa	pìos	peesh	—	pis	—	piece, bit
piseog	pisreag	pishag	—	pystri	—	charm, spell, magic, sorcery
—	plèana	plane	plên	—	—	aeroplane

The Celtiadur blog is a collection of Celtic cognates, with definitions, pronunciation, etymologies - includes the modern Celtic languages, older versions of these languages, such as Middle Welsh, Middle Breton and Old Irish, and their extinct and reconstructed relatives and ancestors, including Gaulish, Proto-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic.

Celtic Pathways

On the Celtic Pathways podcast I discuss connections between the Celtic languages, and look for words with Celtic roots in non-Celtic languages, such as English, French, Spanish, Galician and Portuguese.

Information about Celtic languages

Breton, Celtiberian, Cornish, Cumbric, Gaulish, Irish, Lepontic, Lusitanian, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh

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