Partical Celtic Cognates

These words are cognate (related) in two or more of the six modern Celtic languages. Click on the English translations to find out more about them on the Celtiadur blog

Celtic cognates

Complete Cognates, Partial Cognates . Cognates arranged thematically: Adjectives | Animals | Birds | Clothes | Colours | Conjunctions | Countries | Directions | Food and Drink | Landscape | Buildings | Languages | Metals | Musical terms | Numbers | Parts of the body | People | Pronouns | Prepositions | Sea creatures | Time expressions | Trees and Plants | Verbs | Weather | Tools | Other words | Names

Words marked † are archaic/obsolete.

Gaeilge (Irish) Gàidhlig (Gaelic) Gaelg (Manx) Cymraeg (Welsh) Kernewek (Cornish) Brezhoneg (Breton) English
abhaill abhall — afallen avalen avalwez apple tree
abair abair abbyr — — — to say, to speak
ábhar adhbar oyr — — material, matter, reason
— — — a(c) ha(g) ha(g) and, while
achadh achadh — — — — field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain
adha — — addas — adas† fitting, worthy, proper
adhal adhal aall — — fork, trident
— adhbrann abane — — — ankle
admhaigh — — addef — anavout to acknowledge, admit
ag aig ec wng — — at, near
agair agair aggyrt — — — to plead, claim
agh agh — eilon, eilion — — stag, deer, hart
aghaidh aghaidh oai — — — face, front
aí, a(o)i ai — hwyaden hos houad duck, swan
ol† ail — ôl ol heul since, mark, footprint, track
aineach, eineach eanach — wyneb enep eneb face, honour, reputation
ainmhí ainmhidh anifail eneval aneval animal, beast
ainnir ainnir — anner annor annoar heifer, girl, maiden
airchinneach airchinneach — arbennig arbennik arbennik special, steward
áireamh àireamh earroo eirif — eirimotor† number, count(ing), sum
áirí àirigh eairee — — — hill pasture, sheiling, milking place
aisil — — — esel ezel part, piece, joint, limb
áitreabh aitreabh — adref dhe-dre — habitation, building, homewards
Alba Alba Nalbin Yr Alban Alban — Scotland
Albain Nua Alba Nuadh (Yn) Albin Noa, Nalbin Noa Alban Newydd Alban Nowydh — Nova Scotia
allúrach allmharach — allmyr — — foreign(er), exotic, strange(r)
allta allaidh oaldey — — — wild, savage, predatory
— — — allwedd alhwedh alc'hwez key
altán ealtainn — ellyn alsen, alten aotenn razor, sharp knife
am àm am — — — time
amh amh aw of — — raw, uncooked
amhas amhas — amaeth ammeth ambaith† servant, ploughman, savage
aoibheal èibheall — ufel — ful(enn) glowing coal, ember, (bon)fire, spark(s)
aoibhneas aoibhneas eunys — — — pleasant, agreeable, delightful
— — — ar draws a-dreus a-dreuz across, traverse
araile — — arall aral arall (an)other
aran aran arran — — — bread
arbeir† — — arfer — — use, usage, practice
arc(án) orc(an) ark — — — piglet, sow
arg† — — eira ergh erc'h snow
art art† — — — — stone
art† àra — arth arth arzh bear
áru† — arrey aren — — kidney
— — — asgwrn askorn askorn bone
áth àth aah — — — ford
athair athair ayr -atr† — — father
— — — awel awel avel wind, breeze
— — — awyren ayren — aeroplane, aircraft, balloon
badhsacal baidhs(e)agal — beic, beisicl — bisiklet bicycle
bailc bailc — balch balgh balc'h proud, arrogant, strong
baile baile balley beili — — home, town, bailey
báisteach baisteach Bashtagh — — — rain, Baptist
balla balla boalley gwal, wal gwal — wall
bán bàn bane bân† — — white, fair
bainis banais bannish — — — wedding
— — — balog — beleg priest, leader
baoth baoth — — — — foolish, vain, gidy
bás bàs basse — — — death
básaigh bàsaich geddyn basse — — — to die, dead
basc† basc† — baich begh bec'h load, burden
bascead basgaid basca(i)d, baskad basgeg basket — basket, pannier
beach beach — — — — bee, drone
bearach biorach — bustach (?) — — bullock, heifer
béarla, Béarla Beurla Baarle — — — speech, English
béas beus beaoil moes — boaz habit, virtue, moral(ity)
— — — bedd bedh bez grave, ditch
béile beil — — — — meal, diet
beithíoch beathach baagh — — — animal, beast
biail biail† — bwyell bool bouc'hal axe, hatchet
bile bile billey pill — pil tree, mast, bush, trunk
biss† — — bys bys biz finger
— — — biwro buro burev bureau, office
blár blàr — blawr — — grey, pale-blue, white
— — — blawd bleus bleud flour
bleidmhíol† bleidh-mhial — blaidd bleydh bleiz wolf, sea monster
— — — blew blew blev hair, bristles
— bòc — boch bogh boc'h cheek, bloat
— — — boda, bwncath bargos baou buzzard
bog bog bog — — boug soft, tender
boil(l)scén† buillsgean — bogel begel begel navel, centre, core
bolaigh boladh — — — — to taste, to smell
bonn bonn boyn — — — sole, base, foot
— bòtann, bòtais, bùtais bootys bot(is), bwtias botas botez boot, shoe
borr bòrr — — — — puffed up, swollen, proud
bóthar bòthar bayr beudr bownder road, alley, lane
brac brac — braich bregh brec'h arm, hand
bradán bradan braddan — — — salmon
braon braon brey (?) — — — drop, drizzle
bran bran — brân bran bran crow, raven
bras bras — bras bras bras great, big, swift
brat brat brat brat — brozh cloak, mantle, skirt
bréag breug breag — — — lie, falsehood
— — — brenin bryntin, brentin brientin king, aristocrat
brí bre† — bre bre bre hill, mount, hillock, height
briathar briathar breear brwydr — — word, verb, battle
briocht — — lled(f)rith — brith† charm, spell, enchantment
briosc brisg brishlagh, brishtagh brisg — bresk brittle, fragile, brisk
bríste briogais breeçhyn brits(h) — bragez, bragoù trousers, breeches
— — — brith brith brizh speckled, variegated
— — — brithyll brithel brezel trout, mackerel
brá bràigh — — — — captive, hostage
bráid bràid — breuant briansen breant neck, throat, collar, trachea
bróg bròg braag brog — — shoe, boot
brollach brollach brollagh — — — breast, bosom
brón bròn bran brwyn — — sad
bruth bruth brooan brwd — broud hot, heat, rash
— — — brydio bryjyon broudañ to boil, to burn
— — — buan buan buan fast, lively, quick
buí buidhe bwee — — — yellow
buinne — — ben — — cart, wagon, wattle
bunadh bunadh bunneydagh bonedd — — origin, nobility, lineage
bus bus bus(s), barroose bws — bus bus
— — — byson bysow bizou ring, jewel
— — cabbyl yiarn ceffyl haearn — — bicycle, motorcycle
cadrán — — cadarn cadarn† — hard, strong
— — — caer ker kaer fort, town
caí† — — cae ke kae field, hedge
caib caibe kiebbey caib — — pickaxe, spade, dibble
— caill† — caill kell kell testicle
cailleach cailleach caillagh — — — old woman, hag, witch
cailleach oíche cailleach-oidhche caillagh oie — — — owl
cáin càin — — — — fine, tax, duty
caint cainnt caaynt — — — speech, to speak, talk
caithir — — cedor kedhoren kezour pubic hair, down
caladh cala calloo, callee — — — harbour, landing place
caladh — — caled kales kalet hard, stingy
— — — callor, callawr kalter kaoter cauldron, kettle, boiler
— — — calon kolon kalon heart, soul
cana cana — cenau — — cub, puppy, kitten
caoin caoin keain cain — ken tender, gentle, mild
caoch caoch kyagh coeg koog — one-eyed, blind
caol caol keyl cul kul — narrow
caomh caomh — cu kuv kuñv dear, gentle, sweet
caora caora keyrrey caer† — — sheep, ewe, roebuck
cas cas cast — — — curly, twisted, complicated,difficulty
casadh casadh cassey — — — to curl, twist, turn
casair casair — cesair keser kazarc'h hail
casca casg — casg(en) — — cask
— — — caseg kasek kazeg mare
casúr casar casoor — — — hammer
cathair cathair caayr — — — fortress, monastery, city
cealg cealg kialg celc, celg gil — treachery, guile, deceit
ceannaigh ceannaich chionnaghey — — — to buy, to purchase
cearc cearc kiark — — — hen, chicken
cearn ceàrn — cern korn kern corner, angle
ceart ceart kiart certh — — right, just, true
— — — cefn keyn kein back
— — — cegin kegin kegin kitchen
— — — cegin kegin kegin, kegin-derv jay, woodpecker
ceil ceil keill cêl kel — to hide, to conceal
ceirt ceirt — perth perth apple tree, Ogham letter ᚊ (q), hedge, thicket
ceo ceò kay, kyeoh — — — fog, mist
— — — cerdded kerdhes kerzhet to walk
cét† — — gan gans gant with, by, together
— — — chwech hweg c'hwek sweet, delicate
— — — chwilio hwilas holc’hiñ to search, to seek
— — — cinio kinnyow koanier dinner, supper, to dinev
cinnteach cinnteach kinjagh — — — definite, certain, constant
cíor cìr kere — — — comb, crest, ridge
cíos cìs keesh — — — rent, tax, fine
ciotach ciotach kyttagh chwith — — left
cis, ciséan cis, cisean, ciosan kishan — — — basket, creel
cistin cistin kishteen — — — kitchen
cláirseach clàrsach claasagh — — — harp
clamhán clamhan clowan — — — buzzard
clár clàr claare clawr — kleur board, table, cover
cleacht cleachd claightey — — — custom, use, habit
cló clò clou clo — klaou bolt, lock, nail
clochar clochar — clegyr klegrow kleger stony place, convent, rocks, crag
cloichshneachta clach-shneachd claghyn sniaghtee — — — hail, hailstones
cloth clòth† — clod clos† klod fame, praise, renown
cluain cluain — clun — — meadow, pasture, moor
cluas cluas cleaysh clust — — ear
cnaí† — — cnu(f) knew krew, kreoñ fleece
cnámh cnàimh craue cnaw — — bone, skull
cneas cneas — cnawd kneus kneud (?) skin, flesh
céide cèide — pant pans pant hill(ock), hollow, slope
— — — coch coch, cough — red
codail caidil caddil — — — to sleep
— — — coed, coeden koos koad forest, wood, tree
cogadh cogadh caggey — — — war, fighting
cogar cogar — cyngor — — whisper, advice, counsel
coim com — — — — waist, chest, torso
coir coire — caredd cara† karez mistake, sin
cóir còir cair cywair — — just, rightful
cóiste còidse, coidse, còiste, coiste couch coetsh, coets, coits kocha — coach, carriage
— comhachag — cuan kowann, cowan kaouenn owl
colainn colann callin celain — kelan body, torso, corpse
collach cullachcollach collagh muc ceilliog — kalloc'h boar, hog, stallion
— — — coludd kolodhyon kaouded intestine, guts, heart
colum† — — cwlwm kolm, kolmen skoulmoù, skoulm knot
com — — cwm komm komm (deep) valley, coombe
comhar coimheart — cymar kespar — partner(ship), companion, spouse
comhdháil còmhdhàil coardail cynhadledd — — meeting, accord, conference
— — — comio kows, kewsel komz, kaozeal to speak, to say, to talk
cónaígh còmhnaidh cummal — — — to live, to grip
cora caradh — cored — kored weir, dam
corcra corcar — porffor purpur pourpré purple
cos cas, cos cass coes koos — leg, foot
cosc casg — cosb — — restraint, blocking, punishment
cosán casan cassan — — — path
cosúil cosail cosoylagh cyhafal kehaval — resembling, similar, alike
— — — coth koth kozh old (man), ancient
— — — cramen — kramenn scab, sore, crust
craobh craobh crouw — — — branch, tree, bush
— creachag, creachann craghan cragen, crogen krogen krogenn shell(s), scallop
crean crean — prynu prena prenañ to buy, to purchase, to obtain
creat creat creatlagh, crauelagh creth — — frame(work), crate, form
— — — crëyr — *querhair heron
— — — cri kriv kriz raw, crude
crodh crodh — — — — cattle, wealth, dowry
cróga crògha — — — — cruel, brave, bold
cró crò — crau krow — blood, gore
— — — cragen, crogen krogen krogenn shell(s)
cruach cruaidh creoighey — — — steel
cruinniú cruinneachadh cruinnaght crynhofa — — gathering, assembly
cruit cruit cruitçh crwth krowd — harp, crwth, fiddle
crúsca crùisg cruick crwc — — jug, jar, bucket, tub
cruth cruth croo pryd — — shape, form
— — — crych krygha krec'h ripple, wrinkle, curly
— — — cryf krev kreñv strong, forceful, solid
cúacca† — — gwag gwag gwak empty, soft, delicate
cuan cuan keayn — — — sea, ocean, harbour, bay
— — — cuan kowan kaouenn owl
cuarán cuaran carrane cu(a)ran, cwaran — — boot, sandal
cuas cuas — cau kew kev hollow, cavity, cave
— — — cudd kudh kuzh secret, hidden
cuibhreach cuibhreadh — cyfrwym kevren kevre binding, fetter, fastening
cumar comar — cymer kemper kember ravine, confluence
— — — cusan kussyn — kiss
— — — cwch kok kouc'h boat, beehive
— — — cwmwl kommol koumoul fog, mist, cloud
— — — cwsg kosk kousked sleep, slumber
— — — cwyn kon koan dinner, supper
— — — cyffylog kevelek kefeleg woodcock
— — — cyfrin kevrin kevrin secret, mystery
— — — cyllell kollell kontell knife
— — — cynnull kuntel kuntuilh collection, gathering, picking
— — — cysgu koska kousket to sleep
— — — cywaith koweth(es) — companion, comrade, friend
dáil dàil — dadl dadhel dael meeting, assembly, argument
dais dais — das das — heap, stack, pile
damhna damhna — defnydd devnydh danvez matter, material, substance
dán dàn daan dawn — donezon poem, gift, faculty
dalta dalta doltey — — — foster child, pupil, disciple
— — — danas — demm (fallow) deer
daor daor deyr — — — servile, unfree, expensive
dara dala derrey — — — second
dath dath daah — — — colour, dye
dea- deagh — da da da good, well, pleasant
dealg dealg jialg dala delc† — needle, pin, sting
déan dèan jean geni — — to do, to make
dearg dearg jiarg — — — red
deiseal deiseal jeshal —/td> — — clockwise, sunwise
deisceabal deisgiobal — disgybl dyskybel diskibl disciple, pupil
— — — deurod(ur) diwros — bicycle
dinid† dighin† — denu dena denañ to attract, to suck(le)
dinnéar dinnear jinnair — — — dinner
díog dìg jeeg — — — ditch, dike, trench
— — — diogel diogel diogel safe, secure, sure
díon dìon jeen — — — protection, waterproof, roof
— — — disgyn diyskynna, skynnya diskenn to descend
dlí dlighe — dyled — dlead law, debt, duty
dochtúir dotair doghtoor doethur, doethor doktour — doctor, physician, teacher
— — — dod, dyfod dos donet to come
doineann doineann dorrin — — — stormy weather, storm, tempest
doirb doirb durrag — — — worm, larva, beetle
dóthain daothain saie — — — enough, sufficiency
domhan domhan dowan dwfn, dyfn — — world, earth, universe
dona dona donney — — — bad, unfortunate
donn donn dhone dwn — — brown, dun
dorcha dorcha dorraghey — — — dark(ness), obscure
— — — — dowrlam lamm-dour waterfall
— — — draenog — draeneg hedgehog
dreach dreach dreagh drych — derch† look, aspect, expression, face
droichead drochaid droghad — — — bridge
droim druim dreeym — — — back, ridge
druil dril(e) drilley drill — — drill
drúth drùth — drud drudh — fool, dear, cherished
duais duais — — — — gift, prize, reward
duileasc duileasg dullish delysg — tellesk dulse (Palmaria palmata)
dul dol goll — — — to go
— — — dwyn don dougen to lead, bear, carry
— — — — dybri debriñ to eat
éacht euchd — aeth — — slaugher, exploit, pain
eachtra eachtradh — eithr — — episode, adventure, outside
éadan aodann eddin — — — font, face, facade
éadrom aotrom eddrym — — — light, frivolous
éadromaigh aotromaich eddrymaghey — — — to lighten
éag eug — angau ankow ankow dead, death, deceased
eagla eagal aggle — — — fear, horror
eallach eallaidh ollagh — — — cattle, cow
earc earc — erch — — mottled, speckled
eas eas assag — — — stoat, weasel
— — — eang efan — wide, broad
eas eas eas — — — waterfall
éasca èasga eayst — — — moon
eascann easgann astan — — — eel
— — — ehedydd, hedydd evidit†, ahwesydh ehuedez†, alc'hweder (sky)lark
— — — eidion ojyon ejon bullock, heifer
éigh èigh eie — — — to cry (out), shout, call
éiligh eile† — wylo ola gouelañ to cry, to weep, claim, prayer
eire eire errey arau — — load, burden
eitleán itealan etlan — — — aeroplane, aircraft
eitre eitre eerey rhych — reg furrow, trench
eo eòeog — eog eghek eog salmon
eorna eòrna oarn — — yell barley, spelt
— — — esgid eskis — shoeboot
— — — esgyn ascendya, yskynna — to ascend
esna asna asney ais asownn — rib
— — — estron estren estren foreign, strange
— — — ewig euhic† — deer, hart, stag
fabhcún faolchon — ffawcwn, ffawlcwn falghun falc'hun falcon, hawk
fad fad foddid — — — length, distance, duration
fada fada foddey — — — long, far, tall
fadhb fadhb uddan oddf — — knot, lump, problem
fáigh fàidh fadeyr gwawd — — seer, prophet, poem
fáinleog, áinleog fainnleag, ainnleag — gwennol gwennol gwennel swallow, martin
fáinne fàinne fainey — — — ring, circle, coil
— fàl faayl, foll pâl pal pal scythe, spade, shovel
fairged† — — gwneud gul ober to do, to make
fann fann — gwan gwann gwan weak, feeble
faol faol filliu — — — wolf, wild dog
farraige fairge faarkey — — — sea, ocean
fás fàs faase — — — empty
fé† — — gwialen gwelen gwial, gwalenn rod(s), cane, pole
feadhain feadhain fwirran gwedd — — band, team, yoke, harness
féan feun fainagh — — — wagon, cart, chariot
feannóg feannag fannag — — — crow, rook
feic faic faik — — — to see, to be
feoil feòil feill — — — flesh, meat
fia fiadh feeaih — — — deer
fiach fitheach feeagh gwyach — — raven, grebe, crake
fial fial feoilt gŵyl — — modest, seemly
fiar fiar — gŵyr gwarr gwar crooked, bent, curve
file filidh feelee — — — seer, poet
fine fine — — — gouenn family, tribe, race
fios fios fys gwŷs — — knowledge, information
fliuchadh fliuchadh fliaghey — — — rain, wetting
flúr plùr flooyr — — — flour, flower
focal facal fockle gwaethl — — word, debate
fochraig — — gwobr gober gopr prize, reward, fee
foïd† — — aros gortos ober to wait, stay
folamh falamh follym — — — empty
folc(tha) — — golchi golhi gwalc'hiñ to wash
forc forca — fforc forgh forc'h fork
forás foras — ffordd fordh — street, alley, highway, journey, growth
fobhar — — gofer gover gou(v)er stream
foraois forraist — fforest — — forest, timber, park
fos fos — ffos fos foz wall, butress, ditch
fosadh fosadh — gwastad gwastas gou(e)stad stay, respite, flat, slow
foss† — — gwas gwas gwaz servant, boy, husband
frac† — — gwrach gwragh gwrac'h old woman, hag, witch
— — — ffrwyth frothen frouezh fruit
fuaigh fuaigh fuailley — — — to sew, to stitch, to mend
fuar fuar feayr oer oor — cold
fuath fuath feoh — — — fearful, horror, terror
fuirigh fuirich fariagh — — — to stay, to abide
fuiseog uiseag ushag — — — (sky)lark, bird
fuither† — — gwydr gweder gwer glass
— — — ffynnon fenten feunteun spring, fountain, well
gabhlán, gabhlán gaoithe gòbhlan, gobhlan-gaoithe gollan, gollan geayee — — — swallow, swift, martin
gadhar gadhar — — — — beagle, hunting dog
gairr† — — gar garr gar leg, shank, thigh
galba galba — gylfin gelvin golv beak, nose
— — — gallu gallos gallout to be able to
gamhain gamhainn gauin — — — calf
gan gun gyn — — ken without, otherwise
gaol gaol goall — — — relationship, kinship, affection, love
gaoth geodha giau — — — inlet, estuary, cove
gaoth gaoth geay — — — wind
— — — garan garan garan crane, heron
garg garg garg — — — rough, acrid, bitter
gealach gealach giallagh — — — moon
gearrán gearran g(i)arran — — — gelding, pack-horse, nag
geir geir geirr gwêr — — fat, tallow, grease
gion gion — gên gen gen mouth, jaw, cheek, chin
giorria geàrr, gearrach, gearra(i)dh — — — — hare
giúrann giùran — gwyran — goirann† barnacle (goose)
— — — glaw glaw glav rain
glean — — glynu glena gludañ to stick, to glue, to adhere
glór glòr glare — — — voice, speech
glé glè — gloyw glew gloev clear, very, bright
gnáth gnàth — gnawd gnas gnot† custom, habit, quality
gníomnh gnìomh — gnif gonis niñv action, deed, toil
gnúis gnùis grooish gnis greuv — face, brow, jaw
gob gob gob — — — beak, bill, point
— — — gogledd gogledh gougleiz, gouglez left, north
goirt goirt gort — — — salted, sore, bitter
— — — golau golow gouloù light, bright, fair
gort gort — garth orth garth field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain
grá gràdh graih — — — love, affection, fondness, charity
gráigh gràdhaich graihaghey — — — to love
gráinneog gràineag graynoge — — — hedgehog
grean, grian grean — graean — — grit, gravel
grian grian grian — — — sun
grineall grinneal grineen — — — sea bed, gravel, grit
griothal grothal — gro grow grouan gravel, shingle
grua gruaidh gruaie grudd grudh — cheek, brow, jaw
gruaig gruag gruag — — — hair
guth guth goo — — — voice, word, reputation
— — — gwaed goos gwad blood
— — — gwaeth gweth gwazh worse
— — — gwddf, gwddw, gwddwg — gouzoug, goûg throat, neck
— — — gwenynen gwenenen gwenanenn (honey) bee
— — — gwiber, colwiber — wiber, naerwiber snake, adder, viper
— — — gwyrdd gwyrdh, gwer gwer green
— — — had has had seed
— — — hafar havar hañvesk (?) summer fallow
— — — hanner hanter hanter half
hata ad edd het hatt, het — hat
héileacaptar heileacoptair — helicopter — helikopt(a)er helicopter
— — — hiraeth hireth hiraezh longing, homesick(ness), melancholy
— — — hoedl hoedel† hoal life(time)
— — — huan — huon sun, eye
— — — hud hud hud magic
— — — hwrdd hordh (h)ourz ram
i ndiaidh an dèidh jei — — — after
— — — iain yeyn yen cold, freezing, icy
iasc iasg eeast wysg — — fish
icht† — — iaith yeth yezh language, people
imleacán ilmeag imleig — — — navel, belly button
inbhear inbhir inver — — — river mouth, estuary, confluence
inchinn eanchainn — ymennydd ympynnyon empenn mind, brain
iníon nighean inneen, 'neen — — — daughter, girl
intinn inntinn inçhyn — — — brain
ionad ionad ynnyd — — — place, site, location, centre
ith ith ee ysu esat† — to eat
— — — iwrch yorgh yourc'h roe-deer
lá latha laa — — — day
— lagh leigh — — — law, respect
láib làban — — loub — mire, mud, slime
láidir làidir lajer — — — strong, powerful
lax† — — llaes lows laosk loose, slack, lax
lacha lach laagh — — — duck
láir làir laair — — — mare
lámhainn làmhainn lauean — — — glove
— — — — lavrek lavreg trousers
le le lesh — — — with, by
leamh leamh — — — loir† weak, soft
leáigh leagh lheie — — — to melt, to thaw, to disolve
lean lean lhian(t) llynu — — to follow, to pursue, to infect
leas leas lhiass lles les — advantage, benefit, welfare
leastar leastar — llestr lester lestr vessel, ship, cup, vase
leann — — llen len lenn cloak, mantle, curtain
léann léigheann — llên lien lenn to read, reading, literature, learning
lear lear — llŷr — — sea, ocean, channel
leiceann lethcheann lieckan — — — cheek
léigh leugh lhaih lleaf, lleu — — to read, literature
leitir leitir — — — — hillside, slope
léine lèine lheiney — — — shirt, tunic, girdle
leor leòr liooar llawer lowr — many, enough
lia lèigh, lighiche lhee — — — doctor, healer, physician
ligh ligh liee llyfu — leat to lick
lios lios — llys lis lez ringfort, court, fairy mound
líth lì — — — lid festival, prosperity, ceremony
— — — llanerch lannergh lanneg glade, clearing, pasture
— — — llawen lowen, lowenek laouen happy, merry
— — — llef lev leñv† shout, cry, voice
— — — lleuen louen† laouenn louse
— — — lloer loor loar moon
los los — llost lost lost tail, purpose, end
— — — llygad lagas lagad eye
— — — llysywen, 'slywen sylli silienn eel
loarn† — — llewyrn lowarn louarn fox
lobhar lobhar lourane llwfr — lovr weak, cowardly, leper
loingeas loingeas lhuingys llynges — — ships, fleet, navy
lon, lon dubh lon, lòn-dubh lhondoo, lhonnag — — — blackbird, thrush, ouzel
lón lòn — — — — food, repast, lunch
long long lhong llong — — ship, vessel
longach longadh lhongey — — — meal, consuming, sustenance
lonn lonn — llon — — merry, fierce, bold
— loth lhiy llwdn lodn loen filly, colt, animal, bullock
luaidhe luaidhe leoaie — — — lead
luas lùthas laueys — — — speed, earliness
luasc lusag leaystey llusg — lusk swing(ing). rocking, dragging
luath luath leah lleygys, lleiges — — quick, fast, early, soon
luí† — — llyw lew levier rudder, pilot
lugimem†, lugam† — — lleia(f) lyha leham† least, minimal
luibhghort — — lluarth lowarth liorzh (kitchen) garden, park
luigh laigh lhie — — — to lie, to lay, to lean
mac léinn mac-léighinn† — — — — student
macasamhail mac-samhail macsoyley — — — like(ness), similar, instance
machaire machair magher magwyr — moger plain, field, wall
macdhacht — — machdaith maghteth matez maid(en), servant, girl
madain madainn maddin, madjin — — — morning
madra rua madadh-ruadh — — — — fox
madra uisce madadh-uisge moddey ushtey — — — otter, beaver
madra, madadh madadh moddey madyn, madog — — dog, fox
magairle magairle maggle — — — testicle
— — — magu maga magañ to raise, feed, nurture
maide maide maidjey — — — stick, wood, pole
— maigheach mwaagh — — — hare
maighean — — maen men maen stone, place
mair mair — — — — to live
mala mala mollee — — malvenn eyebrow, eyelid, eyelash
mall mall moal — — — slow, late
mainaches† — — mynaches managhes manac'hez nun
matal mantal — mantell mantel mantell mantle, cloak
mathúin mathan maghouin — — — bear
meabhraitheoir — — myfyriwr — — student, thoughtful person
mear mear merre miri meri — quick, fast, lively
méar meur mair — — — finger, toe
measa miosa messey — — — worse
meath meath — meth meth mezh decay, failure, shame, disgrace
— — — mechdeyrn, mychdeyrn, machdeyrn metern, myghtern machtiern† king
medb† — — meddw medhow mezv intoxicating, drunk, intoxicated
meirbh meirbh — merf — — languid, slender, insipid
meirg meirg mergey, mergid merydd — mergl rust, corrision, sluggish
— — — melyn melyn melen yellow, blonde
midach† — — meddyg medhek mezeg doctor
milis milis millish melys melys — sweet
míol mór mial-mhór meeyl mooar — — — whale, sea monster
— — — min min min lip, mouth, pout
minic minig mennick mynych menowgh — frequent, often
minseach minnseag, minnseach minjagh — — — nanny goat
mionn mionn mian man — — oath, curse, wish, spot
miotóg, mitín miotag — miten, mitin — miton mitten, glove
moch moch mogh moch meuch† — early, soon
mogh mogh — meudwy maw — bondman, slave, hermit, boy
móid mòid — — — — vow, oath, promise
moirb† — — morgrugyn, mor, mŷr, myrr moryon merion ant
mol mol moyl moli — meuliñ to praise
mol mol, feairisid mul — — — hub, axle, >nave
moncaí moncaidh, muncaidh — mwnci, mynci, monci — — monkey
mongach muingeach mwingagh myngog — moueek maned, long-haired
— — — morthwyl morthol morzhol hammer
muin muin — mŵn — mun† (upper) back, neck
muineál muineal mwannal mwnwgl, mwnwg, mynwgl — — neck
muinithir† — — mynd mos monet to go
muintir muinntir mooinjer — — — household, folk, family
muirm(h)il† — — morfil morvil morvil whale, fish
mullach mullach mullagh — — — top, roof
múr mùr — mur — mur wall
náire nàire nearey — — — shame, disgrace, emabarrassment
namhaid nàmhaid noid — — — enemy, foe, adversary
— — — nant nans ant stream
naomh naomh noo — — — saint, holy, sacred
nasc naisg naisht — — naskañ to bind, to fasten
neach neach — neb neb neb person, (some)one, no-one
neacht nigh — nith nith, noyth nizh niece, daughter
neas neas — nes nes nes approximate, while, near(er), close
nigh nigh niee — — — to wash
nimh nimh nieu — — — poison, venom
nó no, neo ny neu — nou† (n)or, (n)either
nocht nochd — noeth noth noazh naked, bare
nocht† — — nos nos noz night
nod nòd — nod nos not note, mark, symbol
núna† — — newyn — naoun hunger, starvation, famine
ogham ogham ogham ogam — — Ogham
oide oide gegjey — — — foster-father, teacher, tutor
oighear eigh — iain yeyn yen frost, ice
oileán eilean ellan — — — island
olc olc olk — — — evil, bad
— — — olhau holya heulian to follow, to trace
ollamh ollamh olloo — — — master, professor
ól òl oyl — — — to drink
oráid òraid oraid arawt areth — speech, lecture, oration, prayer
ord òrd oard gordd — horzh hammer
ortha ortha — — — — incantation, spell, charm
os os — ych oghen oc'hen ox, deer
paidir paidir padjer — — — prayer, devotion, paternoster
pailliún pàillean paal(an) — — pavilhon pavilion, tent
— — — parod parys pared ready, convenient, cooked
paróiste parasite — — — — parish
peall peall — pall pall — pelt, skin, blanket, cloak
— — — pell pell pell far, disant, long
— — — pen-glin, pen-lin penn glin, pedn glin penn-glin knee
— — — pendefig pennsevik, pednsyvik pinvidik chief, prince, rich
— — — peri — parañ to create, to make, to fix
píce pìc — pig pig pik pickaxe, pike, peak
— — — pigell pigell pigell goad, hoe, mattock
piosa pìos peesh — pis — piece, bit
piseog pisreag pishag — pystri — charm, spell, magic, sorcery
pitséar pidsear — pis(i)er pycher picher pitcher, jug
— plèana plane plên — — aeroplane
— — — plwyf pluw ploue parish, countryside
pís† — — pwys poos pouez weight, heavy, important
— — — pobi pobas pobat to bake
— — — poeth pooth poazh hot, cooked
— — — pont pons pont bridge
— — — porchell porghel porc'helleg piglet, sow
— — — porth porth porzh portal, door, gate, courtyard
pós(adh) pòs(aidh) poose, phoosey — — — to marry
— — — priod pries pried married, spouse, peculiar, special, proper
príosún prìosan pryssoon — prison prizon prison
— — — pryd prys pred time, moment
puball pùball — pabell pabel pabell tent, pavilion
— — — pysgod pysk, pesk pesked fish
ramhar reamhar roauyr rhef — — fat, thick, stout
rásúr ràsar rhesar, razor r(h)asel, rasal — razher razor
ráth ràth raah — — — rampart, ring-fort
reacht reachd — rhaith reyth reizh law, decree, regular, right
righin righinn reen rhain — — tough, hard(y), stiff
rogaid† — — rhoi ri
rei		 reiñ to stretch
to give
rothar rothair roar — — — bicycle
ré raon rheam — — run field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain
re ri rish — — — with, to, against, as
réidh rèidh rea rhwydd — rouez easy, even, ready
réilig réilig, réileag ruillick, rhullick — — — graveyard, ossuary
reithe reithe rea — — — ram
— — — rhyd rys red ford
— — — rhydd rydh rid† free, cheap
rí ruighe roih — — — forearm, arm
rian rian rane — — — course, path, method, river
rian rian rane — — — course, path, method, river
riathar — — rhaeadr — — waterfall, torrent
ród rathad raad rhawd — roud road, course, route
ríomh rìomh† — rhif, cyfrif riv riñv number, to count
rópa ròp(a) — rhaff — — rope, cord, string
ruathar ruathar — rhuth(y)r — — rush, attack, onslaught
sá saidh seiy said — — beam, stick, hilt
sabhall sabhal soalt — — — barn, granary
sagart sagart saggyrt — — — priest
sáigh sàth saih — — — to stab, to thrust
saill saill sahll — — — salted meat, fat, blubber
sáith sàth saie — — — sufficiency, fill
saithe saithe — haid hes hed swarm, flock, herd
sámh sàimh — — — — peace, tranquility, rest
sámhach sàmhach — — — — silent, quiet, calm
Samhain Samhain Sauin, Souney — — — Halloween, November
— — — samonsamwn sowman somon salmon
sanas sanas sannish hanes hanas — whisper, history, secret
saoi saoidh — syw — — master, expert, excellent
saol saoghal seihll — — — world, existence, lifetime
saor saor seyr — — — free, cheap
saor saor seyr saer ser — craftsman, carpenter, mason
— — — sarff serpont, sarf sarpant snake, serpent
— — saveeney huno — — to sleep, slumber
scamall sgòth — — — — cloud
scamhógach sgamhanach scowanagh ysgyfeinaidd, ysgyfeiniol — skevent pulmonary
sceimheal sgibheal — (y)sgafell skavel skabell eaves, shelf, bench, stool
scian sgian skyeen ysgïen, sgien — skejañ knife, to sever
sealbh sealbh shelloo (h)elw — — luck, fortune, profit
seicheamh — — — sewya — to follow, to pursue
— sgiarnag — ysgyfarnog, sgyfarnog skovarnek scouarnec hare, long-eared
scornach sgòrnan scoarnagh — — — throat, mouth
scréachóg, scréachóg choille sgreuchag, sgreuchag-choille screeaghag, screeaghag cheylley sgrechog, (y)sgrech y coed — — jay
séad séad — hynt hens, hyns hent path, way, course, road
seachtain seachdain shiaghtin — seythen sizhun week
seal seal shayll chwŷl — hoal turn, while
seangán seangan sniengan — — — ant
searc seirc — — — — love
searrach searrach sharragh — — — foal
séd† — — hydd — heizes stag, hart, deer
— — — segur syger sigur idle, lazy, slow
seileán seillean shellan — — — bee
seill seill sahll — — — fat, blubber, suet
ser† — — sêr ster ster river, star
— sgìre skeerey, skylley — — — parish
— siabhann sheeabin sebon sebon soavon soap, flattery
— sicir shickyr sicr, siŵr sur segur sure, cetain, shrewd
síobán siaban — — — — (spin)drift, sand-drift
sionnach sionnach, seannach shynnagh — — — fox
siúil siubhail shooill — — — to walk
sith-† — — hyd hes hed length, long, extent
slí slighe sleayd — — — path, track, offspring
slaod slaod sleayd — — — layer, raft, trudge
sliabh sliabh slieau — — — mountain, moorland, hillside
slige slige shlig — — — shell, hull, scale
sliocht sliochd sluight llwybr — — path, track, section, offspring
sluasaid sluasaid sleayst — — — shovel, spade
— smarach, (lad) — merch myrgh merc'h daughter, girl
smólach smeòrach, smèarach, smaolach — mwyalch molgh, molgh dhu moualc'h, moualc'h zu blackbird, thrush, ouzel
snaidhm snaidhm sniem nadd — nascañ knot, carving, hinder
sneachta sneachd sniaghtey nyf — — snow
soc — — hwch hogh ho(u)c'h sow, pig, swine
sona sona sonney — — — happy, merry
sonn sonn — ffon — — stake, post, stick
spéir speur speyr sffêr — sfer, sphère sky, sphere
spúnóg spàin spein — — — spoon
— stàilinn staillin — — — steel
stoirm stoirm sterrym (y)storm — — storm
— stuidear studeyr ystudiwr studhyer studier student, scholar, academic
— stuth stoo stwff stoff — material, stuff, substance
suaineamh sìoman saineen — — — rope, cord, thong
súgán sùgan suggane — — — (straw) rope
— — — swyf soov soav tallow, fat, grease
— — — sych sygh, segh sec'h dry
— — — sychu segha sec'hañ to dry
— — — swyddfa sodhva — office
tábhairne tabhairn — tafarn tavern tavarn tavern, pub
— — — tad tas tad father
táilliúir tàillear thalhear teiliwr — tailher tailor
tairne tàirng, tarrag, tarrang treiney — — — nail, spike, pin
tál tàl taal — — — adze
talamh talamh thalloo — — — ground, earth, land
téad teud tead tant — tant rope, cord, string
taoiseach toiseach toshiagh tywysog — toguisoc† chief, leader, prince
tapa tapadh tappee — — — quick, fast, cleverness
tar, tig thig tar, çheet — — — to come
tarracóir tractar — tractor — trakteur tractor
te teth çheh — — — heat
tearmann tèarmann — terfyn — — santuary, refuge, boundary
téigh tèid — ardwy† — — to go
teimheal — — tywyll tew(a)l teñval darkness, gloom
thuaidh tuath twoaie — — — left, north
tinne teine, tinne — glastannen glastanen tann(enn) oak, holm oak, gorse, whin, furze
tirim tioram çhirrym — — — dry
tláith tlàth — tlawd — — weak, mild, poor
tobar tobar tubbyr — — — source, well, spring
— — — toddi teudha, teudhi teuziñ to thaw, to melt
tom tom tom tom — — hillock, knoll, mound
tongaid† tuinge — twng ti tou oath, vow
tonn tonn — ton ton† tonn surface, land, skin
tonna tunn tun twn, tunnell tonnel† — tun, barrel, cask
tonóg tunnag thunnag — — — duck
torc torc — twrch torgh tourc'h wild boar, hog
trácht — — traeth treth traezh beach, shore, sand
tráth tràth traa trawd(d) trad — time, hour, course, way
treibh treabh, treubh — tre(f) trev trev town, house, farmstead
— — — trigio, godrig(af) triga guotric† to live, to remain
tríocha trichead treead — — tregont thirty
triomaigh tiormaich chyrmaghey — — — to dry
— — — trist trist trist sad
triuch triuch truh — — — whooping cough
triús triubhas troosyn trywsus, trowsus, trywser — — trousers
— — — tro tro tro rotation, cycle, surround
— — — troi troyllya treiñ to turn, spin
troid trod troddan — — — fight, quarrel
trom trom trome trwm trom† — heavy
trucail truga, truca truck tryc — — truck, lorry, barrow
truis druid treshlen tresglen — dresk blackbird, thrush, ouzel
— — — — truth dluzh trout
— — — trwyn tron stroen nose, snot
tua tuagh teigh — — — axe, hatchet
tuathal tuathal — — — — anticlockwise, unlucky
tuit tuit tuitt — — — to fall
tús tùs — tywys — — beginning, front, lead(er)
— — — twyll toll touell treachery, guile, deceit
— — — twym tomm, tobm tomm warm, hot
— — — tyfu tevy teñviñ to grow
— — — tylluan — toud owl
— — — tyngu tia touiñ to swear, vow
— — — tyno tnow traoñ, traou valley, dale, bottom
tús tùs — tywys — — beginning, front, lead(er)
— — — tywydd tewedha — weather
uabhar uabhar — ofer euver euver vain, pride, worthless, bland
uachtarán uachdaran eaghtyran(e) — — — president, laird, chief
uafásach uabhasach — — — — horrible, terrible
uaigh uaigh oaie, oaye — — — grave, tomb
uaine uaine eayney, geayney — — — green
ualach uallach — — — — burden, load
uath uabhas — uthr euth euz horror, dread, fright
ucht uchd ught — — — chest, breast, lap
uimhir fuimhir — nifer niver niver number
uisce uisge ushtey — — — water
ulchabhán ullaid hullad — oula — owl
ullamh ullamh ullee — — — ready, finished, prepared
umha umha ooha efydd — — copper, bronze, brass
úr ùr oor ir yr — new, fresh, verdant
urchar urchair orraghey ergyr herdhya ercor† shot, missile, thrust
urnaí ùrnaigh yeearree — — — prayer
— ursa — — ors ourz bear
veain bhana van fan — — van
— — — wybr ebron oabl sky, air
— — — yfory a-vorow (w)arc'hoazh tomorrow
— — — ysgafnhau skafhe skañvaad to lighten
— — — ysgyfarn† skovarn skouarn ear, handle

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Celtic cognates

Complete Cognates, Partial Cognates . Cognates arranged thematically: Adjectives | Animals | Birds | Clothes | Colours | Conjunctions | Countries | Directions | Food and Drink | Landscape | Buildings | Languages | Metals | Musical terms | Names | Numbers | Parts of the body | People | Prepositions | Pronouns | Sea creatures | Time expressions | Tools | Trees and Plants | Vehicles | Verbs | Weather | Other words

Celtiadur

Celtiadur

The Celtiadur blog is a collection of Celtic cognates, with definitions, pronunciation, etymologies - includes the modern Celtic languages, older versions of these languages, such as Middle Welsh, Middle Breton and Old Irish, and their extinct and reconstructed relatives and ancestors, including Gaulish, Proto-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic.

Celtic Pathways

Celtic Pathways

On the Celtic Pathways podcast I discuss connections between the Celtic languages, and look for words with Celtic roots in non-Celtic languages, such as English, French, Spanish, Galician and Portuguese.

Information about Celtic languages

Breton, Celtiberian, Cornish, Cumbric, Gaulish, Irish, Lepontic, Lusitanian, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh

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