These words are cognate (related) in two or more of the six modern Celtic languages. Click on the English translations to find out more about them on the Celtiadur blog
| Gaeilge (Irish) | Gàidhlig (Gaelic) | Gaelg (Manx) | Cymraeg (Welsh) | Kernewek (Cornish) | Brezhoneg (Breton) | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abair | abair | abbyr | — | — | — | to say, to speak |
| ábhar | adhbar | oyr | — | — | material, matter, reason | |
| achadh | achadh | — | — | — | — | field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain |
| adhal | adhal | aall | — | — | fork, trident | |
| agh | agh | — | eilon, eilion | — | — | stag, deer, hart |
| aí, a(o)i | ai | — | hwyaden | hos | houad | duck, swan |
| ainmhí | ainmhidh | anifail | eneval | aneval | animal, beast | |
| ainnir | ainnir | — | anner | annor | annoar | heifer, girl, maiden |
| Alba | Alba | Nalbin | Yr Alban | Alban | — | Scotland |
| Albain Nua | Alba Nuadh | (Yn) Albin Noa Nalbin Noa |
Alban Newydd | Alban Nowydh | — | Nova Scotia |
| — | — | — | allwedd | alhwedh | alc'hwez | key |
| am | àm | am | — | — | — | time |
| amh | amh | aw | of | — | — | raw, uncooked |
| amhas | amhas | — | amaeth | ammeth | ambaith* | servant, ploughman, savage |
| aran | aran | arran | — | — | — | bread |
| arc(án) | orc(an) | ark | — | — | — | piglet, sow |
| arg* | — | — | eira | ergh | erc'h | snow |
| art* | art* | — | arth | arth | arzh | bear |
| — | — | — | asgwrn | askorn | askorn | bone |
| áth | àth | aah | — | — | — | ford |
| athair | athair | ayr | -atr* | — | — | father |
| — | — | — | awel | awel | avel | wind, breeze |
| baile | baile | balley | beili | — | — | home, town, bailey |
| bainne | bainne | bainney | — | banna | banne | milk, drop |
| báisteach | baisteach | Bashtagh | — | — | — | rain, Baptist |
| balla | balla | boalley | gwal, wal | gwal | — | wall |
| bán | bàn | bane | bân* | — | — | white, fair |
| bás | bàs | basse | — | — | — | death |
| básaigh | bàsaich | geddyn basse | — | — | — | to die, dead |
| basc* | basc* | — | baich | begh | bec'h | load, burden |
| bascead | basgaid | basca(i)d, baskad | basgeg | basket | — | basket, pannier |
| beach | beach | — | — | — | — | bee |
| bearach | biorach | — | bustach (?) | — | — | bullock, heifer |
| béarla, Béarla | Beurla | Baarle | — | — | — | speech, English |
| — | — | — | bedd | bedh | bez | grave, ditch |
| beir | beir | behr | beru | — | berañ | to carry, to flow |
| beithíoch | beathach | baagh | — | — | — | animal, beast |
| bile | bile | billey | pill | — | pil | tree, mast, bush, trunk |
| biss | — | — | bys | bys | biz | finger |
| — | — | — | blawd | bleus | bleud | flour |
| bleidmhíol* | bleidh-mhial | — | blaidd | bleydh | bleiz | wolf, sea monster |
| — | — | — | blew | blew | blev | hair, bristles |
| — | bòc | — | boch | bogh | boc'h | cheek, bloat |
| — | — | — | boda, bwncath | bargos | baou | buzzard |
| bog | bog | bog | — | — | boug | soft, tender |
| bolaigh | boladh | — | — | — | — | to taste, to smell |
| bonn | bonn | boyn | — | — | — | sole, base, foot |
| — | bòtann, bòtais, bùtais | bootys | bot(is), bwtias | botas | botez | boot, shoe |
| bóthar | bòthar | bayr | beidr | bownder | road, alley, lane | |
| brac | brac | — | braich | bregh | brec'h | arm, hand |
| bradán | bradan | braddan | — | — | — | salmon |
| bran | bran | — | brân | bran | bran | crow, raven |
| bras | bras | — | bras | bras | great, big, swift | |
| brat | brat | brat | brat, brethyn | — | brozh | cloak, mantle, skirt |
| — | — | — | brenin | bryntin, brentin | brientin | king, aristocrat |
| brí | bre* | — | bre | bre | bre | hill, mount, hillock, height |
| brecht* | — | — | brith | brith | brizh | speckled, variegated |
| briocht | — | — | lled(f)rith | — | brith* | charm, spell, enchantment |
| bríste | briogais | breeçhyn | brits(h) | — | bragez, bragoù | trousers, breeches |
| — | — | — | brithyll | brithel | brezel | trout, mackerel |
| bróg | bròg | braag | brog | — | — | shoeboot |
| brón | bròn | bran | brwyn | — | — | sad |
| bruth | bruth | brooan | brwd | — | broud | hot, heat, rash |
| — | — | — | brydio | bryjyon | broudañ | to boil, to burn |
| buí | buidhe | bwee | — | — | — | yellow |
| buinne | — | — | ben | — | — | cart, wagon, wattle |
| — | — | — | caer | ker | kaer | fort, castle |
| caí* | — | — | cae | ke | kae | field, hedge |
| caib | caibe | kiebbey | caib | — | — | pickaxe, spade, dibble |
| cailleach | cailleach | caillagh | — | — | — | old woman, hag, witch |
| cailleach oíche | cailleach-oidhche | caillagh oie | — | — | — | owl |
| caint | cainnt | caaynt | — | — | — | speech, to speak, talk |
| caladh | caladh | calloo, callee | — | — | — | harbour, landing place |
| caladh | — | — | caled | kales | kalet | hard, stingy |
| cana | cana | — | cenau | — | — | cub, puppy, kitten |
| caoin | caoin | keain | cain | — | ken | tender, gentle, mild |
| caoch | caoch | kyagh | coeg | koog | — | one-eyed, blind |
| caol | caol | keyl | cul | kul | — | narrow |
| caomh | caomh | — | cu | kuv | kuñv | dear, gentle, sweet |
| caora | caora | keyrrey | caer* | — | — | sheep, ewe, roebuck |
| casair | casair | — | cesair | keser | kazarc'h | hail |
| — | — | — | caseg | kasek | kazeg | mare |
| casúr | casar | casoor | — | — | — | hammer |
| cathair | cathair | caayr | — | — | — | fortress, monastery, city |
| ceannaigh | ceannaich | chionnaghey | — | — | — | to buy, to purchase |
| cearc | cearc | kiark | — | — | — | hen, chicken |
| — | — | — | cefn | keyn | kein | back |
| — | — | — | cegin | kegin | kegin | kitchen |
| — | — | — | cegin | kegin | kegin, kegin-derv | jay, woodpecker |
| ceo | ceò | kay, kyeoh | — | — | — | fog, mist |
| — | — | — | cerdded | kerdhes | kerzhet | to walk |
| cét* | — | — | gan | gans | gant | with, by |
| — | — | — | chwech | hweg | c'hwek | sweet, delicate |
| — | — | — | chwilio | hwilas | c'houilia | to search, to seek |
| — | — | — | cinio | kinnyow | koanier | dinner, lunch, breakfast |
| ciotach | ciotach | kyttagh | chwith | — | — | left |
| cis, ciséan | cis, cisean, ciosan | kishan | — | — | — | basket, creel |
| cladh | cladh | — | clawdd | kleudh | kleuz | ditch, trench, rampart |
| cláirseach | clàrsach | claasagh | — | — | — | harp |
| clais | clais | clash | clais | — | — | ditch, groove, trench |
| clamhán | clamhan | clowan | — | — | — | buzzard |
| clár | clàr | claare | clawr | — | kleur | board, table, cover |
| cló | clò | clou | clo | — | klaou | bolt, lock, nail |
| cloichshneachta | clach-shneachd | claghyn sniaghtee | — | — | — | hail, hailstones |
| cluain | cluain | — | clun | — | — | meadow, pasture, moor |
| cluas | cluas | cleaysh | clust | — | — | ear |
| cnámh | cnàimh | craue | cnaw | — | — | bone, skull |
| — | — | — | coch | coch, cough | — | red |
| codail | caidil | caddil | — | — | — | to sleep |
| — | — | — | coed, coeden | koos | koad | forest, wood, tree |
| cogadh | cogadh | caggey | — | — | — | war, fighting |
| coir | coire | caredd | cara* | karez | mistake, sin | |
| cóir | còir | cair | cywair | — | — | just, rightful |
| — | comhachag | — | cuan | kowann, cowan | kaouenn | owl |
| collach | cullachcollach | collagh muc | ceilliog | — | kalloc'h | boar, hog, stallion |
| colum* | — | — | cwlwm | kolm, kolmen | skoulmoù, skoulm | knot |
| — | — | — | comio | kows, kewsel | komz, kaozeal | to speak, to say, to talk |
| cónaígh | còmhnaidh | cummal | — | — | — | to live, to grip |
| cora | caradh | — | cored | — | kored | weir, dam |
| corcra | corcar | — | porffor | purpur | pourpré | purple |
| cos | cas, cos | cass | coes | — | — | leg, foot |
| cosán | casan | cassan | — | — | — | path |
| céide | cèide | — | pant | pans | pant | hill(ock), hollow, slope |
| craobh | craobh | crouw | — | — | — | branch, tree, bush |
| crean | crean | — | prynu | prena | prenañ | to buy, to purchase, to obtain |
| — | — | — | crëyr | — | *querhair | heron |
| — | — | — | cri | kriv | kriz | raw, crude |
| cró | crò | — | crau | krow | — | blood, gore |
| cruach | cruaidh | creoighey | — | — | — | steel |
| cruit | cruit | cruitçh | crwth | krowd | - | harp, crwth, fiddle |
| cúacca* | — | — | gwag | gwag | gwak | empty, soft, delicate |
| cuarán | cuaran | carrane | cu(a)ran, cwaran | — | — | bootsandal |
| cuas | cuas | — | cau | kew | kev | hollow, cavity, cave |
| — | — | — | cudd | kudh | kuzh | secret, hidden |
| — | — | — | cusan | kussyn | — | kiss |
| — | — | — | cwch | kok | kouc'h | boat, beehive |
| — | — | — | cwmwl | kommol | koumoul | fog, mist, cloud |
| — | — | — | cwsg | kosk | kousked | sleep, slumber |
| — | — | — | cyllell | kollell | kontell | knife |
| — | — | — | cysgu | koska | kousket | to sleep |
| damhna | damhna | — | defnydd | devnydh | danvez | matter, material, substance |
| — | — | — | danas | — | demm | (fallow) deer |
| daor | daor | deyr | — | — | — | servile, unfree, expensive |
| dara | dala | derrey | — | — | — | second |
| déan | dèan | jean | geni | — | — | to do, to make |
| dearg | dearg | jiarg | — | — | — | red |
| díog | dìg | jeeg | — | — | — | ditch, dike, trench |
| díon | dìon | jeen | — | — | — | protection, waterproof, roof |
| dochtúir | dotair | doghtoor | — | — | — | doctor |
| — | — | — | dod, dyfod | dos | donet | to come |
| donn | donn | dhone | dwn | — | — | brown, dun |
| — | — | — | dôr | — | dor | door |
| doras | doras | dorrys | drws | daras | — | door |
| — | — | — | — | dowrlam | lamm-dour | waterfall |
| — | — | — | draenog | — | draeneg | hedgehog |
| droichead | drochaid | droghad | — | — | — | bridge |
| droim | druim | dreeym | — | — | — | back, ridge |
| drúth | drùth | — | drud | drudh | — | fool, dear, cherished |
| dul | dol | goll | — | — | — | to go |
| — | — | — | — | dybri | debriñ | to eat |
| éadan | aodann | eddin | — | — | — | browforehead |
| éag | eug | — | angau | ankow | ankow | dead, death, deceased |
| eagla | eagal | aggle | — | — | — | fear, horror |
| eallach | eallaidh | ollagh | — | — | — | cattle, cow |
| earc | earc | — | erch | — | — | mottled, speckled |
| eas | eas | assag | — | — | — | stoat, weasel |
| eas | eas | eas | — | — | — | waterfall |
| eascann | easgann | astan | — | — | — | eel |
| — | — | — | ehedydd, hedydd | evidit*, ahwesydh | ehuedez*, alc'hweder | (sky)lark |
| — | — | — | eidion | ojyon | ejon | bullock, heifer |
| eire | eire | errey | arau | — | — | load, burden |
| eo | eòeog | — | eog | eghek | eog | salmon |
| — | — | — | esgid | eskis | — | shoeboot |
| esna | asna | asney | ais | asownn | — | rib |
| — | — | — | ewig | euhic* | — | deer, hart, stag |
| fabhcún | faolchon | — | ffawcwn, ffawlcwn | falghun | falc'hun | falcon, hawk |
| fadhb | fadhb | uddan | oddf | — | — | knot, lump, problem |
| fáigh | fàidh | fadeyr | gwawd | — | — | seer, prophet, poem |
| fáinleog, áinleog | fainnleag, ainnleag | — | gwennol | gwennol | gwennel | swallow, martin |
| fáinne | fàinne | fainey | — | — | — | ring, circle, coil |
| fairged* | — | — | gwneud | gul | ober | to do, to make |
| faol*, faolchú | faol, faol-chù | filliu | — | — | — | wolf |
| fás | fàs | faase | — | — | — | empty |
| féan | feun | fainagh | — | — | — | wagon, cart, chariot |
| feannóg | feannag | fannag | — | — | — | crow, rook |
| feic | faic | faik | — | — | — | to see, to be |
| fia | fiadh | feeaih | — | — | — | deer |
| fiach | fitheach | feeagh | gwyach | — | — | raven, grebe, crake |
| fial | fial | feoilt | gŵyl | — | — | modest, seemly |
| fiar | fiar | — | gŵyr | gwarr | gwar | crooked, bent, curve |
| file | filidh | feelee | — | — | — | seer, poet |
| fine | fine | — | — | — | gouenn | family, tribe, race |
| fios | fios | fys | gwŷs | — | — | knowledge, information |
| fliuchadh | fliuchadh | fliaghey | — | — | — | rain, wetting |
| flúr | plùr | flooyr | — | — | — | flour, flower |
| folamh | falamh | follym | — | — | — | empty |
| folc(tha) | — | — | golchi | golhi | gwalc'hiñ | to wash |
| forc | forca | — | fforc | forgh | forc'h | fork |
| — | — | — | ffordd | fordh | — | street, alley, highway |
| fos | fos | — | ffos | fos | foz | wall, butress, ditch |
| foss* | — | — | gwas | gwas | gwaz | servant, boy, husband |
| frac* | — | — | gwrach | gwragh | gwrac'h | old woman, hag, witch |
| fuath | fuath | feoh | — | — | — | fearful, horror, terror |
| fuirigh | fuirich | fariagh | — | — | — | to stay, to abide |
| fuiseog | uiseag | ushag | — | — | — | (sky)lark, bird |
| gabhlán, gabhlán gaoithe | gòbhlan, gobhlan-gaoithe | gollan, gollan geayee | — | — | — | swallow, swift, martin |
| gadhar | gadhar | — | — | — | — | beagle, hunting dog |
| galba | galba | — | gylfin | gelvin | golv | beak, nose |
| — | — | — | gallu | gallos | gallout | to be able to |
| — | — | — | galw | gelwel | galven, galviñ | to call |
| gamhain | gamhainn | gauin | — | — | — | calf |
| gan | gun | gyn | — | — | ken | without otherwise |
| gaoth | geodha | giau | — | — | — | inlet, estuary, cove |
| gaoth | gaoth | geay | — | — | — | wind |
| geir | geir | geirr | gwêr | — | — | fat, tallow, grease |
| giorria | geàrr, gearrach, gearra(i)dh | — | — | — | — | hare |
| — | — | — | glaw | glaw | glav | rain |
| gob | gob | gob | — | — | — | beak, bill, point |
| — | — | — | gogledd | gogledh | goueled | left, north |
| — | — | — | golau | golow | gouloù | light, bright, fair |
| gort | gort | — | garth | orth | garth | field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain |
| gráinneog | gràineag | graynoge | — | — | — | hedgehog |
| grian | grian | grian | — | — | — | sun |
| gruaig | gruag | gruag | — | — | — | hair |
| — | — | — | gwaed | goos | gwad | blood |
| — | — | — | gwddf, gwddw, gwddwg | — | gouzoug, goûg | throat, neck |
| — | — | — | gwenynen | gwenenen | gwenanenn | (honey) bee |
| — | — | — | gwiber, colwiber | — | wiber, naerwiber | snake, adder, viper |
| — | — | — | gwyrdd | gwyrdh, gwer | gwer | green |
| — | — | — | hanner | hanter | hanter | half |
| — | — | — | huan | — | huon | sun, eye |
| — | — | — | hud | hud | hud | magic |
| — | — | — | hwrdd | hordh | (h)ourz | ram |
| iasc | iasg | eeast | wysg | — | — | fish |
| icht* | — | — | iaith | yeth | yezh | language, people |
| inbhear | inbhir | inver | — | — | — | river mouth, estuary, confluence |
| inchinn | eanchainn | — | ymennydd | ympynnyon | empenn | mind, brain |
| iníon | nighean | inneen, 'neen | — | — | — | daughter, girl |
| intinn | inntinn | inçhyn | — | — | — | brain |
| ith | ith | ee | ysu | esat* | — | to eat |
| — | — | — | iwrch | yorgh | yourc'h | roe-deer |
| lá | latha | laa | — | — | — | day |
| labhar | labhar | — | llafar | lavar | lavar | talkative |
| lacha | lach | laagh | — | — | — | duck |
| láir | làir | laair | — | — | — | mare |
| lámhainn | làmhainn | lauean | — | — | — | glove |
| — | — | — | — | lavrek | lavreg | trousers |
| le | le | lesh | — | — | — | with by |
| leastar | leastar | — | llestr | lester | lestr | vessel ship cup vase |
| leann | — | — | llen | len | lenn | cloak, mantle, curtain |
| leiceann | lethcheann | lieckan | — | — | — | cheek |
| leitir | leitir | — | — | — | hillside, slope | |
| léine | lèine | lheiney | — | — | — | shirt, tunic, girdle |
| lia | lèigh, lighiche | lhee | — | — | — | doctor, healer, physician |
| lios | lios | — | llys | lis | lez | ringfort, court, fairy mound |
| líth | lì | — | — | — | lid | festival, prosperity, ceremony |
| — | — | — | llanerch | lannergh | lanneg | glade, clearing, pasture |
| — | — | — | llawen | lowen, lowenek | laouen | happy, merry |
| — | — | — | llygad | lagas | lagad | eye |
| — | — | — | llysywen, 'slywen | sylli | silienn | eel |
| loarn* | — | — | llewyrn | lowarn | louarn | fox |
| lom | lom | lhome | llwm | lomm | — | bare, naked |
| lon, lon dubh | lon, lòn-dubh | lhondoo, lhonnag | — | — | — | blackbird, thrush, ouzel |
| lón | lòn | — | — | — | — | food, repast, lunch |
| long | long | lhong | llong | — | — | ship, vessel |
| longach | longadh | lhongey | — | — | — | meal, consuming, sustenance |
| lonn | lonn | — | llon | — | — | merry, fierce, bold |
| lorg | lorg | lorgey | — | — | — | to search |
| luaidhe | luaidhe | leoaie | — | — | — | lead |
| luas | lùthas | laueys | — | — | — | speed, earliness |
| luath | luath | leah | lleygys, lleiges | — | — | quick, fast, early, soon |
| machaire | machair | magher | magwyr | — | moger | plain, field, wall |
| madain | madainn | maddin, madjin | — | — | — | morning |
| madra rua | madadh-ruadh | — | — | — | — | fox |
| madra uisce | madadh-uisge | moddey ushtey | — | — | — | otter, beaver |
| madra, madadh | madadh | moddey | madyn, madog | — | — | dog, fox |
| — | maigheach | mwaagh | — | — | — | hare |
| maighean | — | — | maen | men | maen | stone, place |
| mair | mair | — | — | — | — | to live |
| mall | mall | moal | — | — | — | slow, late |
| mathúin | mathan | maghouin | — | — | — | bear |
| mear | mear | merre | miri | meri | — | quick, fast, lively |
| méar | meur | mair | — | — | — | finger, toe |
| — | — | — | mechdeyrn, mychdeyrn, machdeyrn | metern, myghtern | machtiern* | king |
| — | — | — | meddyg | medhek | mezeg | doctor |
| — | — | — | melyn | melyn | melen | yellow, blonde |
| milis | milis | millish | melys | melys | — | sweet |
| — | — | — | min | min | min | lip, mouth, pout |
| minseach | minnseag, minnseach | minjagh | — | — | — | nanny goat |
| miotóg, mitín | miotag | — | miten, mitin | — | miton | mitten, glove |
| moch | moch | mogh | moch | meuch* | — | early, soon |
| moirb* | — | — | morgrugyn, mor, mŷr, myrr | moryon | merion | ant |
| mol | mol | moyl | moli | — | meuliñ | to praise |
| — | — | — | morthwyl | morthol | morzhol | hammer |
| muineál | muineal | mwannal | mwnwgl, mwnwg, mynwgl | — | — | neck |
| muinithir* | — | — | mynd | mos | monet | to go |
| muintir | muinntir | mooinjer | — | — | — | household, folk, family |
| mullach | mullach | mullagh | — | — | — | top, roof |
| múr | mùr | — | mur | — | mur | wall |
| — | — | — | nant | nans | ant | stream |
| nasc | naisg | naisht | — | — | naskañ | to bind, to fasten |
| neacht | nigh | — | nith | nith, noyth | nizh | niece, daughter |
| nigh | nigh | niee | — | — | — | to wash |
| nocht | nochd | — | noeth | noth | noazh | naked, bare |
| nod | nòd | — | nod | nos | not | note mark symbol |
| oide | oide | gegjey | — | — | — | foster-father, teacher, tutor |
| oighear | eigh | — | iâ | yey | yen* | frost, ice |
| oileán | eilean | ellan | — | — | — | island |
| ól | òl | oyl | — | — | — | to drink |
| ord | òrd | oard | gordd | — | horzh | hammer |
| os | os | — | ych | oghen | oc'hen | ox, deer |
| píce | pìc | — | pig | pig | pig | pickaxe, pike |
| — | — | — | pigell | pigell | pigell | goad, hoe, mattock |
| — | — | — | poeth | pooth | poazh | hot, cooked |
| — | — | — | pont | pons | pont | bridge |
| — | — | — | porchell | porghel | porc'helleg | piglet, sow |
| príosún | prìosan | pryssoon | — | prison | prizon | prison |
| — | — | — | pysgod | pysk, pesk | pesked | fish |
| ráth | ràth | raah | — | — | — | rampart, ring-fort |
| ré | raon | rheam | — | — | run | field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain |
| re | ri | rish | — | — | — | with to against as |
| réilig | réilig, réileag | ruillick, rhullick | — | — | — | graveyard, ossuary |
| reithe | reithe | rea | — | — | — | ram |
| — | — | — | rhyd | rys | red | ford |
| — | — | — | rhydd | rydh | rid* | free, cheap |
| rí | ruighe | roih | — | — | — | forearm, arm |
| rian | rian | rane | — | — | — | course, path, method, river |
| rian | rian | rane | — | — | — | course, path, method, river |
| riathar | — | — | rhaeadr | — | — | waterfall, torrent |
| ród | rathad | raad | rhawd | — | roud | road, course, route |
| sámh | sàimh | — | — | — | — | peace, tranquility, rest |
| sámhach | sàmhach | — | — | — | — | silent, quiet, calm |
| Samhain | Samhain | Sauin, Souney | — | — | — | Halloween, November |
| — | — | — | samonsamwn | sowman | somon | salmon |
| sanas | sanas | sannish | hanes | hanas | — | whisper, history, secret |
| saol | saoghal | seihll | — | — | — | world, existence, lifetime |
| saor | saor | seyr | — | — | — | free, cheap |
| saor | saor | seyr | saer | ser | — | craftsman, carpenter, mason |
| — | — | — | sarff | serpont, sarf | sarpant | snake, serpent |
| — | — | saveeney | huno | — | — | to sleep, slumber |
| scamall | sgòth | — | — | — | — | cloud |
| scian | sgian | skyeen | ysgïen, sgien | — | skejañ | knife, to sever |
| — | sgiarnag | — | ysgyfarnog, sgyfarnog | skovarnek | scouarnec | hare, long-eared |
| scornach | sgòrnan | scoarnagh | — | — | — | throat, mouth |
| scréachóg, scréachóg choille | sgreuchag, sgreuchag-choille | screeaghag, screeaghag cheylley | sgrechog, (y)sgrech y coed | — | — | jay |
| séad | séad | — | hynt | hens, hyns | hent | path, way, course, road |
| seangán | seangan | sniengan | — | — | — | ant |
| searrach | searrach | sharragh | — | — | — | foal |
| séd* | — | — | hydd | — | heizes | stag, hart, deer |
| seileán | seillean | shellan | — | — | — | bee |
| seill | seill | sahll | — | — | — | fat, blubber, suet |
| ser* | — | — | sêr | ster | ster | river, star |
| sionnach | sionnach, seannach | shynnagh | — | — | — | fox |
| siúil | siubhail | shooill | — | — | — | to walk |
| sith-* | — | — | hyd | hes | hed | until long |
| slí | slighe | sleayd | — | — | — | path, track, offspring |
| sliabh | sliabh | slieau | — | — | — | mountain, moorland, hillside |
| sliocht | sliochd | sluight | llwybr | — | — | path, track, section, offspring |
| — | smarach, (lad) | — | merch | myrgh | merc'h | daughter, girl |
| smólach | smeòrach, smèarach, smaolach | — | mwyalch | molgh, molgh dhu | moualc'h, moualc'h zu | blackbird, thrush, ouzel |
| snaidhm | snaidhm | sniem | nadd | — | nascañ | knot, carving, hinder |
| sneachta | sneachd | sniaghtey | nyf | — | — | snow |
| soc | — | — | hwch | hogh | ho(u)c'h | sow, pig, swine |
| sona | sona | sonney | — | — | — | happy, merry |
| spéir | speur | speyr | sffêr | — | sfer, sphère | sky, sphere |
| spúnóg | spàin | spein | — | — | — | spoon |
| — | stàilinn | staillin | — | — | — | steel |
| — | stuth | stoo | stwff | stoff | — | material, stuff, substance |
| — | — | — | sych | sygh, segh | sec'h | dry |
| — | — | — | sychu | segha | sec'hañ | to dry |
| — | — | — | tad | tas | tad | father |
| talamh | talamh | thalloo | — | — | — | ground, earth, land |
| tar, tig | thig | tar, çheet | — | — | — | to come |
| te | teth | çheh | — | — | — | heat |
| téigh | tèid | — | ardwy* | — | — | to go |
| teillén | — | — | telyn | telyn | telenn | harp |
| thuaidh | tuath | twoaie | — | — | — | left, north |
| tirim | tioram | çhirrym | — | — | — | dry |
| tom | tom | tom | tom | — | — | hillock, knoll, mound |
| tonn | tonn | — | ton | ton* | tonn | surface, land, skin |
| tonóg | tunnag | thunnag | — | — | — | duck |
| torc | torc | — | twrch | torgh | tourc'h | wild boar, hog |
| trácht | — | — | traeth | treth | traezh | beach, shore, sand |
| tráth | tràth | traa | — | — | — | time, hour |
| treibh | treabh, treubh | — | tre(f) | trev | trev | town, house, farmstead |
| — | — | — | trigio, godrig(af) | triga | guotric* | to live, to remain |
| tríocha | trichead | treead | — | — | tregont | thirty |
| triomaigh | tiormaich | chyrmaghey | — | — | — | to dry |
| — | — | — | trist | trist | trist | sad |
| triús | triubhas | troosyn | trywsus, trowsus, trywser | — | — | trousers |
| trom | trom | trome | trwm | trom* | — | heavy |
| truis | druid | treshlen | tresglen | — | dresk | blackbird, thrush, ouzel |
| — | — | — | — | truth | dluzh | trout |
| — | — | — | trwyn | tron | — | nose |
| — | — | — | twym | tomm tobm |
tomm | warm, hot |
| — | — | — | tylluan | — | toud | owl |
| — | — | — | tywydd | tewedha | — | weather |
| uafásach | uabhasach | — | — | — | — | horrible, terrible |
| uaigh | uaigh | oaie, oaye | — | — | — | grave, tomb |
| uaimh | uaimh | oghe, ooig | (g)ogof | gogow | — | cave |
| uath | uabhas | — | uthr | euth | euz | horror, dread, fright |
| ualach | uallach | — | — | — | — | burden, load |
| uisce | uisge | ushtey | — | — | — | water |
| ulchabhán | ullaid | hullad | — | oula | — | owl |
| umha | umha | ooha | efydd | — | — | copper, bronze, brass |
| úr | ùr | oor | ir | yr | — | new, fresh, verdant |
| — | ursa | — | — | ors | ourz | bear |
| — | — | — | wybr | ebron | oabl | sky, air |
| — | — | — | yfory | a-vorow | (w)arc'hoazh | tomorrow |
| — | — | — | ysgyfarn* | skovarn | skouarn | ear, handle |
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Complete Cognates, Partial Cognates . Cognates arranged thematically: Adjectives | Animals | Birds | Clothes | Colours | Conjunctions | Countries | Directions | Food and Drink | Landscape | Languages | Metals | Musical terms | Numbers | Parts of the body | People | Pronouns | Prepositions | Sea creatures | Time expressions | Trees and Plants | Verbs | Weather | Other words
A collection of Celtic cognates, with definitions, pronunciation, etymologies - includes the modern Celtic languages, older versions of these languages, such as Middle Welsh, Old Irish, and their extinct and reconstructed relatives and ancestors, including Gaulish, Celtiberian, Proto-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic.
On the Celtiadur site you can find out more about the meanings of these words, their pronunciation and etymologies, and related words in older, extinct and reconstructed Celtic languages, such as Middle Welsh, Old Irish, Gaulish and Proto-Celtic.
On the Celtic Pathways podcast I discuss connections between the Celtic languages, and words in other languages with Celtic roots.
Complete Cognates, Partial Cognates . Cognates arranged thematically: Adjectives | Animals | Birds | Clothes | Colours | Conjunctions | Countries | Directions | Food and Drink | Landscape | Languages | Metals | Musical terms | Numbers | Parts of the body | People | Pronouns | Prepositions | Sea creatures | Time expressions | Trees and Plants | Verbs | Weather | Other words
A collection of Celtic cognates, with definitions, pronunciation, etymologies - includes the modern Celtic languages, older versions of these languages, such as Middle Welsh, Old Irish, and their extinct and reconstructed relatives and ancestors, including Gaulish, Celtiberian, Proto-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic.
Breton, Celtiberian, Cornish, Cumbric, Gaulish, Irish, Lepontic, Lusitanian, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Tartessian, Welsh
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