Goidelic Celtic Cognates

These words are cognate (related) in all the modern Goidelic Celtic languages. Click on the English translations to find out more about them on the Celtiadur blog

Click on the English versions that are links and you will be taken to the Celtiadur, where you can see what each word means, and how some of them are pronounced. There are also details of related words and expressions, and words in older versions of the Celtic languages, such as Middle Welsh and Old Irish. More Celtic Cognates

Celtic cognates

Words marked † are archaic/obsolete.

Gaeilge (Irish)	Gàidhlig (Gaelic)	Gaelg (Manx)	English
ab	aba, abaid	abb	abbot
abair	abair	abbyr	to say, to speak
abar	abar, obar	aber	estuary, river mouth
abhainn	abhainn	awin	river
ábhar	adhbar	oyr	material, matter, reason
adhal	adhal	aall	fork, trident
aer, aidhéar	adhar	aer	air, sky
ag	aig	ec	at, near
agair	agair	aggyrt	to plead, claim
aghaidh	aghaidh	oai	face, front
agus	agus	as	and, near, almost
aice	aice	faare	nearness, proximity, lineage, offspring
ailt	alt	alt	hillock, hill(side), cliff, coast
aimsir	aimsir	emshir	time, weather
aingeal	aingeal	aile	fire, angel
ainm	ainm	ennym	name
áireamh	àireamh	earroo	number, count(ing), sum
airgead	airgead	argid	silver
áirí	àirigh	eairee	hill pasture, sheiling, milking place
airne	àirne	airn	plum, damson, sloe
ais	aiseal	essyl	axle, axis
aiteann	ait, atain, aiteann	aittin	furze, gorse, whin
aithin	aithnich	enney	to know, to recognize
Alba	Alba	Nalbin	Scotland
Albain Nua	Alba Nuadh	(Yn) Albin Noa, Nalbin Noa	Nova Scotia
allta	allaidh	oaldey	wild, savage, predatory
altra	altrach	boandyr	foster-father, nurse, teacher, lord
am	àm	am	time
amh	amh	aw	raw, uncooked
amhlabharach	amhlabhair†	amloayrtagh	mute, dumb, inarticulate
anáil	anail	ennal	breath
anam	anam	annym	soul, spirit
aoibhneas	aoibhneas	eunys	pleasant, agreeable, delightful
aoine	aoine	eney	fast(ing), abstinence, Friday
aois	aois	eash	age
aon	aon	nane/un	one, same, any
ár	àr	haar	slaughter, battle
aran	aran	arran	bread
arathar	àrach†	erroo	plough, ploughman
arc(án)	orc(an)	ark	piglet, sow
ard	àrd	ard	high
aréir	a-raoir	riyr	last night
asal	asal	assyl	donkey, ass
ascaill	asgall	aghlish, oghlish	wing, fin, armpit
aspal	abstol, ostal, easbal	ostyl	apostle
áth	àth	aah	ford
athair	athair	ayr	father
athraigh	atharraich	arraghey	to change, to regret
báb	bàban†	babban	baby, child
bac	bac	bac	hook, mattock, hindrance
baile	baile	balley	home, town, bailey
bainis	banais	bannish	wedding
bainne	bainne, boinne	bainney	milk, drop
bairille	baraill	barrel, barril	barrel, cask
bairín	bairín	berreen	bread, loaf, cake
bairneach	bàirneach	bayrnag	barnacle, limpet(s)
báisteach	baisteach	Bashtagh	rain, Baptist
balla	balla	boalley	wall
bán	bàn	bane	white, fair
bandiúc	ban-diùc	bendiuic	duchess
banbh	banbh	bannoo	piglet, sow
bard	bàrd	bard	bard, poet
barr	bàrr	baare	top, point, summit
bás	bàs	basse	death
básaigh	bàsaich	geddyn basse	to die, dead
bascead	basgaid	basca(i)d, baskad	basket, pannier
beag	beag	beg	small
béal	beul	beeal	lip, mouth
bealach	bealach	bollagh	way, pass, breach, road
bean	bean	ben	woman, wife
beann	beann	beinn	horn, mountain, top, peak
beannacht	beannachd	bannaght	blessing, benediction
béarla, Béarla	Beurla	Baarle	speech, English
bearr	beàrr	baarey	short, to cut
béas	beus	beaoil	habit, virtue, moral(ity)
beatha	beatha	beaghey	life
beir	beir	behr	to bear, to produce, to flow
beith	beith	beih	birch
beo	beò	bio	alive, living
beo	beò	bio	to live, alive
bhfuil	bheil	vel	to see, to be
bí	bì	bee	to be
bia	biadh	bee	food
bile	bile	billey	tree, mast, bush, trunk
binse	being	bink	bench
biolar	biolair	burley	cress, watercress
bior	bior	birr, byr	point, thorn, spear
bith†	bith	beays	world, being, existence
blais	blais	blasstyn	to taste, to smell
blaosc, plaosc	plaosg	bleayst	shell(s), husk(s)
bláth	blàth	blaa	flower, blossom
bleacht	bliochd	bluight	milk, milkiness
bliain	bliadhna	blein	year
blonag	blonag	blonnag	fat, lard, blubber
bó	bó	booa	cattle, cow
boc, poc (gabhair), pocán	boc, boc-gobhair	bock, bock goayr	billy goat
bodhar	bodhar	bouyr	deaf
bog	bog	bog	soft, tender
bolg	bolg	bolg	belly, stomach
bonn	bonn	boyn	sole, base, foot
bord	bòrd	boayrd	table, board
bos	bas	bass	palm, fist
both	bothan, bùth	bwaane, bwaag	booth, hut, cottage
bóthar	bòthar	bayr	road, alley, lane
bradán	bradan	braddan	salmon
braich	braich	bry	malt, grain
braon	braon	brey (?)	drop, drizzle
brat	brat	brat	cloak, mantle, skirt
brath	brath	brah	betray(al), treachery, conspiracy, deception
bráthair, deartháir	bráthair	braar	brother
breac	breac	breck	speckled, striped, spotted
bréag	breug	breag	lie, falsehood
bréan	breun	breinn	rotten
brí	brìgh	bree	strength, essence, power, honour, dignity
briathar	briathar	breear	word, verb, battle
briosc	brisg	brishlagh, brishtagh	brittle, fragile, brisk
bríste	briogais	breeçhyn	trousers, breeches
broc	broc	brock	badger
bróg	bròg	braag	shoe, boot
broim	braim	breim	fart, flatulence, raspberry
broinne	broinn	brein	hill(ock), breast, bulge
brollach	brollach	brollagh	breast, bosom
brón	bròn	bran	sad
brugh	brugh	brogh	country, territory, broch
bruth	bruth	brooan	hot, heat, rash
bua	buaidh	booie	victory, profit
buachaill	buachaill	bochilley	boy, child, shepherd
buí	buidhe	booise	thanks, gratitude, (good)will
buí	buidhe	bwee	yellow
buidéal	buideal, botal	boteil	bottle
buime	muime	mimmey	mother, stepmother, nurse
bun	bun	bun	base, foundation
bunadh	bunadh	bunneydagh	origin, nobility, lineage
bus	bus	bus(s), barroose	bus
cá	cò	quoi	who(?), what(?), how(?)
cac	cac	keck	cack, shit, crap
cad	ciod	cre	what(?), which(?)
caí	caoidh	coe	lament, mourning, weeping
caib	caibe	kiebbey	pickaxe, spade, dibble
caileann	cailindha	caillyn	calends, 1st of month
cailleach	cailleach	caillagh	old woman, hag, witch
cailleach oíche	cailleach-oidhche	caillagh oie	owl
caimse	caimis	chemise	shirt, chemise, smock
caint	cainnt	caaynt	speech, to speak, talk
cáis	càise	caashey	cheese
caiseal	caisteal	cashtal	fort, fortress, town, city, castle
Cáisg	Càisg	Caisht	Easter
caladh	cala	calloo, callee	harbour, landing place
cam	cam	cam	crooked, bent, curve
can	can	caayn	to sing, to speak
caoch	caoch	kyagh	one-eyed, blind
caoin	caoin	keain	tender, gentle, mild
caoineadh	caoidh	keayney	to lament, to complain
caol	caol	keyl	narrow
caora	caora	keyrrey	sheep, ewe, roebuck
capall	capall	cabbyl	horse
cara	caraid	carrey	friend, relative
carbad	carbad	carbyd	chariot, car
carcair	carcair	carchyr	prison, jail
carr	càr	carr	car, chariot, wagon
carraig	carraig	carrick	rock, stone
carria	cair-fhiadh, carbh-fheadh	çharroo	deer, stag
cárta	cairt	kaart, caart	card
cas	cas	cast	curly, twisted, complicated,difficulty
casacht	casachd	cassaght	cough
casadh	casadh	cassey	to curl, twist, turn
casúr	casar	casoor	hammer
cat	cat	kayt	cat
cath	cath	cah	battle
cathair	cathair	caayr	fortress, monastery, city
cé	cò	quoi	who(?)
céad	ceud	keead	hundred
céad	ciad	kied	first, before, previous
cealg	cealg	kialg	treachery, guile, deceit
ceann	ceann	kione	head
ceannaigh	ceannaich	chionnaghey	to buy, to purchase
ceap	ceap	kiap	stock, block, trunk, log
cearc	cearc	kiark	hen, chicken
ceart	ceart	kiart	right, just, true
ceathar	ceithir	kiare	four
ceil	ceil	keill	to hide, to conceal
céile	cèile	cloan, keilley	companion, spouse
céim	ceum	keim	step
ceo	ceò	kay, kyeoh	fog, mist
ciall	ciall	keeall	mind, sense
cill	cill	keeill	cell, church
cinnteach	cinnteach	kinjagh	definite, certain, constant
cíoch	cìoch	keeagh	breast, meat, flesh
ciolarn	ciolarn	curn	pitcher, cask, bucket
cíor	cìr	kere	comb, crest, ridge
ciorcal	cearcall	kiarkyl	circle, ring
cíos	cìs	keesh	rent, tax, fine
ciotach	ciotach	kyttagh	left (handed)
cis, ciséan	cis, cisean, ciosan	kishan	basket, creel
cistin	cistin	kishteen	kitchen
cladh, clais	cladh, clais	clash	ditch, groove, trench
claíomh	claidheamh	cliwe	sword
cláirseach	clàrsach	claasagh	harp
clamhán	clamhan	clowan	buzzard
clann, planda	clann, plannt	cloan, plant	children, clan, plant
clár	clàr	claare	board, table, cover
clé	clì	cleeah	left, north
cleacht	cleachd	claightey	custom, use, habit
cliabh	cliabh	clean	basket, creel, pannier
cliath	cliath	cleea	hurdle, fence
cló	clò	clou	bolt, lock, nail
cloch	clach	clagh	stone, cliff
clog	clag	clag	bell, clock
cloichshneachta	clach-shneachd	claghyn sniaghtee	hail, hailstones
clú	cliù	goo	hearing, fame
cluas	cluas	cleaysh	ear
cluin	cluinn	cluin	to hear
clúmh	clùimh, clòimh	clooie	down, feather(s), plumage
clupaid	crùbag, criopag	craplag	fold, wrinkle, coverlet, duvet
cnámh	cnàimh	craue	bone, skull
cnó	cnò	cro	nut
cnoc	cnoc	cronk	hill, mount, mound, breast
codail	caidil	caddil	to sleep
cogadh	cogadh	caggey	war, fighting
cogain	cagainn	caigney	to chew, to gnaw, to bite
coileach	coileach	kellagh	cockerel, rooster
coiléan	cuilean	quallian	puppy
coinín	coinean, coineanach	conneeyn, conning	rabbit
cóir	còir	cair	just, rightful
coire	coire	coirrey	cauldron, kettle, boiler
Coirnis	Còrnais	Cornish, Kernowish	Cornish (language)
cóiste	còidse, coidse, còiste, coiste	couch	coach, carriage
coitean	coitcheann	cadjin	common, general, normal
colainn	colann	callin	body, torso, corpse
colg	colg	caulg	sword, bristle, prickle, awn, spike
coll	coll, calltainn	coull	hazel
collach	cullachcollach	collagh muc	boar, hog, stallion
colm, colmán	calman, colman	calmane, colmane	pigeon, dove
comhdháil	còmhdhàil	coardail	meeting, accord, conference
cónaígh	còmhnaidh	cummal	to live, to grip
copar	copar	cobbyr, copuir	copper
cor	car	cor	to open, turn
corda	còrd	coard, coyrd(ey)	cord, string, rope
corim	curim	cuirrey	beer, feast, banquet
corp	corp	corp	body
corr	corra	coar	heron, stork, crane
cos	cas, cos	cass	leg, foot
cosán	casan	cassan	path
cosúil	cosail	cosoylagh	resembling, similar, alike
crábhadh	cràbhadh	crauee	religion, piety, devotion
craiceann	craiceann	crackan	skin, hide, surface
crann	crann	croan	tree, mast, boom, wood, bar
craobh	craobh	crouw	branch, tree, bush
creat	creat	creatlagh, crauelagh	frame(work), crate, form
creathán	crithnich	craa	to tremble, quake, shiver
creid	creid	cred	to believe
criathar	criathar	creear	sieve, riddle
críoch	crìoch	creagh	comb, crest, furrow, limit, end
crios	crios	cryss	shirt, belt, girdle
crith	crith	crie	fever, trembling, shaking
cró	crò	croa	stable, enclosure
croí	cridhe	cree	heart, centre
cruach	cruach	creagh	hillock, heap, mound, pile
cruach	cruaidh	creoighey	steel
cruimh	cnuimh	crooag	worm, maggot, insect
cruinn	cruinn	cruinn	round
cruinniú	cruinneachadh	cruinnaght	gathering, assembly
cruit	cruit	cruitçh	harp, crwth, fiddle
cruithneacht	cruithnead	curnagh(t)	wheat
crúsca	crùisg	cruick	jug, jar, bucket, tub
cruth	cruth	croo	shape, form
cú	cù	coo	dog, hound
cuan	cuan	keayn	sea, ocean, harbour, bay
cuarán	cuaran	carrane	boot, sandal
cuid	cuid	cooid	part, portion, thing, piece
cúig	cóig	queig	five
cuil, cuileog	cuil, cuileag	quill, quaillag	fly, gnat, midge
cuileann	cuileann	cullyn	holly
cuimhine	cuimhin(e)	cooinaght	memory
cuimhnigh	cuimhnich	cooinaghtyn	to remember
cuing	cuing	quing	yoke
cúl	cùl	cooyl	back, corner
cumaisc	coimeasg	covestey	mix(ture), tumult, blend(ed)
curach	curach	curragh	coracle, currach
dair, doire	dair, darach	darragh, darrag	oak
dall	dall	doal	blind
dalta	dalta	doltey	foster child, pupil, disciple
damh	damh	dow	sheep, ox, deer
dán	dàn	daan	poem, gift, faculty
daor	daor	deyr	servile, unfree, expensive
dara	dala	derrey	second
dath	dath	daah	colour, dye
dealg	dealg	jialg	needle, pin, sting
déan	dèan	jean	to do, to make
dearbh	dearbh	jarroo	sure, certain
dearg	dearg	jiarg	red
deas	deas	jesh	right, south
deich	deich	jeih	ten
deiseal	deiseal	jeshal	clockwise, sunwise
deoir	deòr, deur	jeir	tear, drop
dia	die	je/jy	day
dia	dia	jee	god, deity
diaidh	dèidh	jei	end, after
dinnéar	dinnear	jinnair	dinner
díog	dìg	jeeg	ditch, dike, trench
díoghail	dìoghail	jeeyl	revenge, vengence, damage
díon	dìon	jeen	protection, waterproof, roof
diúc	diùc	duic	duke
diúiceacht	diùcachd	duicaght	dukedom, duchy
dligh	dligh, dleas	toill	to be entitled to, to owe, to deserve
dó	dha	da	two, both, pair
dobahrchú, dobhrán	dobhar-chù, dòbhran	dooarchoo	otter, beaver
dobhar	dobhar	dooar	water
dochtúir	dotair	doghtoor	doctor, physician, teacher
dóigh	dòth	daah	to burn
doineann	doineann	dorrin	stormy weather, storm, tempest
doirb	doirb	durrag	worm, larva, beetle
domahain	domhain	dowin	deep, profound
domhan	domhan	dowan	world, earth, universe
dona	dona	donney	bad, unfortunate
donn	donn	dhone	brown, dun
doras	doras	dorrys	door
dorcha	dorcha	dorraghey	dark(ness), obscure
dorn	dòrn	doarn	fist, hand
dóthain	daothain	saie	enough, sufficiency
draoi	draoidh	druaight	druid, wizard
dreach	dreach	dreagh	look, aspect, expression, face
dréacht	dreachd	draght, dreaght	part, piece
driocht	draoidheachd	druaight	magic, sorcery, druidism
droch	droch	drogh	bad, evil
droichead	drochaid	droghad	bridge
droim	druim	dreeym	back, ridge
druid	druid	truitlag	starling
druil	dril(e)	drilley	drill
dubh	dubh	doo	black
duileasc	duileasg	dullish	dulse (Palmaria palmata)
duille	duille	duilley	leaf, foliage
duine	duine	dooinney	person, human, man
dul	dol	goll	to go
dún	dùn	doon	fort, fortress, town, city, castle
dúr	dùr	douyr	steel, hard, dour
each	each	agh	horse, colt, foal
éadan	aodann	eddin	font, face, facade
éadrom	aotrom	eddrym	light, frivolous
éadromaigh	aotromaich	eddrymaghey	to lighten
eagla	eagal	aggle	fear, horror
eaglais	eaglais	agglish	church
eala	eala	olla(y)	swan
eallach	eallaidh	ollagh	cattle, cow
éan	eun	eean	bird
earrach	earrach	arree	spring
eas	eas	assag	stoat, weasel
eas	eas	eas	waterfall
éasca	èasgaidh	easkey	nimble, quick, swift
éasca	èasga	eayst	moon
eascann	easgann	astan	eel
easpag	easbaig	aspick	bishop
eidheann	eidheann	hibbin	ivy
éigh	èigh	eie	to cry (out), shout, call
eile	eile	elley	other, second
eire	eire	errey	load, burden
eireog	eireag	earrag	hen, chicken
eiscir	aisgeir	sker
eite	ite	fedjag	wing, fin, feather
eitleán	itealan	etlan	aeroplane, aircraft
eitre	eitre	eerey	furrow, trench
eó	eo	iodh	yew
eorna	eòrna	oarn	barley, spelt
esna	asna	asney	rib
fabhra, abhra	fabhra, abhra	ferroogh	eyelid, eyelash, eyebrow
fad	fad	foddid	length, distance, duration
fada	fada	foddey	long, far, tall
fadhb	fadhb	uddan	knot, lump, problem
fáigh	fàidh	fadeyr	seer, prophet, poem
fáinne	fàinne	fainey	ring, circle, coil
fáisc	fàisg	faastey	to squeeze, to press
faoi	fo	fo	under, below, rather
faoileán, faoileog	faoileann, faoileag	foillan, foilleig, fooilleig	seagull
faol	faol	filliu	wolf, wild dog
farraige	fairge	faarkey	sea, ocean
fás	fàs	faase	empty
fead	fead	fed	whistle, wind
feadhain	feadhain	fwirran	band, team, yoke, harness
feall	feall	foall	deceit, treachery, mistake, defect
féan	feun	fainagh	wagon, cart, chariot
feannóg	feannag	fannag	crow, rook
fear	fear	fer	man, husband
féar	feur	faiyr	hay, grass
fearnóg	feàrna	farney	alder
fearsaid	fearsad, feairisid	fes
feic	faic	faik	to see, to be
féile	fèil	feaill, feailley	feast, festival
feis	fèis	feish	festival, entertainment, guest
féith	fèith	feh	sinew, muscle, vein, channel, stream
feoil	feòil	feill	flesh, meat
fia	fiadh	feeaih	deer
fia	fiadh	feie	wild
fiach	fitheach	feeagh	raven, grebe, crake
fial	fial	feoilt	modest, seemly
fiche	fichead	feed	twenty
ficheall	fidhcheall	feeal	chess
figh	fighe	fee	to weave
file	filidh	feelee	seer, poet
fiodh	fiodh	fuygh	tree(s), wood, timber
fíon	fìon	feeyn	wine
fionn	fionn	feddyn	to know, find out, discover
fionn	fionn	fynn	white, blond
fíor	fìor	feer	true
fios	fios	fys	knowledge, information
flaith	flath	flah	prince, lordship, country, nation
fleá	fleadh	fleah	feast, banquet
fliuch	fliuch	fliugh	wet
fliuchadh	fliuchadh	fliaghey	rain, wetting
flúr	plùr	flooyr	flour, flower
focal	facal	fockle	word, debate
fogas	fagas, faisg	faggys	near, close
foireann	foireann	fwirran	people, staff, plebs, crew
folamh	falamh	follym	empty
folt	falt	folt	hair
fómhar	foghar	fouyr	autumn
fraoch	fraoch	freoagh	heather
fréamh	freumh	fraue	root, origin, source
fuaigh	fuaigh	fuailley	to sew, to stitch, to mend
fuar	fuar	feayr	cold
fuath	fuath	feoh	fearful, horror, terror
fuil	fuil	fuil	blood, wound
fuinseog	fuinnseag, uinnseann	unjin	ash
fuirigh	fuirich	fariagh	to stay, to abide
fuiseog	uiseag	ushag	(sky)lark, bird
ga	gath	goull	spear, javelin, beam
gabh	gabh	gow	to hold, to take
gabha	gobha	gaaue	(black)smith
gabhal	gobhal	goal	fork, crotch, gable
gabhar	gobhar	goayr	goat
gabhlán, gabhlán gaoithe	gòbhlan, gobhlan-gaoithe	gollan, gollan geayee	swallow, swift, martin
gach	gach	dagh, gagh	each, every
Gael	Gàidheal	Gael	Gael, Irish person
gair	gàir	guee	to call, to shout, to invoke
gair, gáir	goir, gàir	gerr	call, shout, word
gairm	gairm	gerrym	call, shout, yell
gal	gal	gaal, gall	ardour, vapour, enemy
galar	galar	gorley	sickness, disease, grief
gamhain	gamhainn	gauin	calf
gan	gun	gyn	without, otherwise
gaol	gaol	goall	relationship, kinship, affection, love
gaoth	gaoth	geay	wind
gaoth	geodha	giau	inlet, estuary, cove
garg	garg	garg	rough, acrid, bitter
gé	gèadh	guiy	goose
geal	geal	gial	white
gealach	gealach	giallagh	moon
gealbhan	gealbhonn	gialloon, giallun, giallyn, jallyn	sparrow
gearrán	gearran	g(i)arran	gelding, pack-horse, nag
geil	geil	gyndyr	grass, graze
geimhreadh	geamhradh	geurey	winter
geir	geir	geirr	fat, tallow, grease
giall	giall	gioal	hostage, pledge
gin	gin	gientyn	to be born, to beget, birth
glae	glaodh	gleiy, glooie	glue, paste, (s)lime
glan	glan	glen	clean, clear
glao	glaodh	gyllagh	(to) shout, (to) call, appeal
glas	glas	glass	blue, green, grey
gleann	gleann	glion(e)	glen, hollow, valley
glóir	glòir	gloyr	glory
glór	glòr	glare	voice, speech
glúin	glùin	glioon	knee
gnúis	gnùis	grooish	face, brow, jaw
gob	gob	gob	beak, bill, point
goin	goin	guinney	to wound, stab
goirt	goirt	gort	salted, sore, bitter
gorm	gorm	gorrym	blue, black
grá	gràdh	graih	love, affection, fondness, charity
gráigh	gràdhaich	graihaghey	to love
gráinneog	gràineag	graynoge	hedgehog
grán, gráinne	gràn, gràinne	grine	grain
grian	grian	grian	sun
grineall	grinneal	grineen	sea bed, gravel, grit
gríos	grìos	gree	warmth, heat
grua	gruaidh	gruaie	cheek, brow, jaw
gruaig	gruag	gruag	hair
gualainn	guaille, gualann	geaylin(ey)	shoulder
gualainn	guaille, gualann	geaylin	shoulder
gúna	gùn	gooyn	gown, dress, frock
guth	guth	goo	voice, word, reputation
hata	ad	edd	hat
i ndiaidh	an dèidh	jei	after
iarann	iarann	yiarn	iron
iasc	iasg	eeast	fish
ibh	ibh	iu	to drink
idir	eadar	eddyr	between
ím	ìm	eem	butter
imleacán	ilmeag	imleig	navel, belly button
inbhear	inbhir	inver	river mouth, estuary, confluence
inga	ionga	ingin	nail, claw, talon, hoof
ingneach	iongach	inginagh	nailed, clawed, taloned, hoofed
iníon	nighean	inneen, 'neen	daughter, girl
inis	innis	innis	island
inné	an-dé	jea	yesterday, tonight
inniu	an-diugh	jiu	today
intinn	inntinn	inçhyn	brain
iolar	iolair	urley	eagle
ionad	ionad	ynnyd	place, site, location, centre
ionga	ìne, ionga	yngin	(finger/toe), nail
iora	feòrag	fiorag	squirrel
íseal	ìosal	injil, ishil†	low
ith	ith	ee	to eat
iúr	iubhar, iùbhar	euar	yew, alder
lá	latha	laa	day
labhair	labhair	loayrt	to speak, to say, to talk
lacha	lach	laagh	duck
lacht	lac, lachd	laght	milk, sweet milk
lagha	lugha	loo	small(er), little, less(er)
láidir	làidir	lajer	strong, powerful
láir	làir	laair	mare
lámh	làmh	laue	hand, arm
lámhainn	làmhainn	lauean	glove
lán	làn	lane	full
lann†	lann	lann	church, parish, land, enclosure
lao	laogh	lheiy	calf
lár	làr	laare	floor, ground
lathach	lathach	lathar, laagh	mud, mire, swamp
láthair	làthair	laaragh	trousers, sock, area
le	le	lesh	with, by
leabhar	leabhar	lioar	book
leac	leac	leac	stone, slate
leáigh	leagh	lheie	to melt, to thaw, to disolve
leamhán	leamhan	lhiouan	elm, linden, lime
lean	lean	lhian(t)	to follow, to pursue, to infect
leanbh	leanabh	lhiannoo	child, baby, infant
leann, lionn	leann, lionn	lhune, lhionney	ale, beer, liquid, drink
learóg	learag, làrag	lhiarrag, larsh	larch (tree)
leas	leas	lhiass	advantage, benefit, welfare
leath	leth	lieh	half, breadth, width
leathan	leathann	lhean	wide, broad
leathar	leathar	l(h)iare	leather, hide, skin
leiceann	lethcheann	lieckan	cheek
léigh	leugh	lhaih	to read, literature
léim	leum	lheim	to jump
léine	lèine	lheiney	shirt, tunic, girdle
leor	leòr	liooar	many, enough
lí	lì	lhee	colour, hue, pigment
lia	lèigh, lighiche	lhee	doctor, healer, physician
liach	liogh	lheegh	spoon, ladle
liath	liath	lheeah	grey
ligh	ligh	liee	to lick
linn	linne	lhingey	lake, pool
líomh(adh)	lìomh	shleeu	to grind, to polish, to sharpen
lobhar	lobhar	lourane	weak, cowardly, leper
loch	loch	logh	lake, pond, inlet
loingeas	loingeas	lhuingys	ships, fleet, navy
loisc, loscadh	loisg, losgadh	losht, lostey	to burn
lom	lom	lhome	bare, naked
lomhain	lomhainn	louyn	rope, lead, string, strap
lon, lon dubh	lon, lòn-dubh	lhondoo, lhonnag	blackbird, thrush, ouzel
long	long	lhong	ship, vessel
longach	longadh	lhongey	meal, consuming, sustenance
lorg	lorg	lorgey	to search, track, trail
luchair	luchair	leaghyryn	rushes
luaidhe	luaidhe	leoaie	lead
luaith	luath	leoie	ash(es), cinders, embers
luan	luan	lune	Monday, moon
luas	lùthas	laueys	speed, earliness
luasc	lusag	leaystey	swing(ing). rocking, dragging
luath	luath	leah	quick, fast, early, soon
luch, luchóg	luch	lugh	mouse, shrew
lucht	luchd	lught	people, tribe
luigh	laigh	lhie	to lie, to lay, to lean
luigh	lùgh	loo	oath, vow, (to) swear
lus	lus	lus	plant, herb
má	magh	magh	field, plain
mac	mac	mac	son, boy
macasamhail	mac-samhail	macsoyley	like(ness), similar, instance
machaire	machair	magher	plain, field, wall
madain	madainn	maddin, madjin	morning
madra uisce	madadh-uisge	moddey ushtey	otter, beaver
madra, madadh	madadh	moddey	dog, fox
magairle	magairle	maggle	testicle
maide	maide	maidjey	stick, wood, pole
máistir	maigh(i)stir	mainshtyr	master
maith	math	mie	good
mala	mala	mollee	eyebrow, eyelid, eyelash
mall	mall	moal	slow, late
manach	manach	maynagh, monnagh	monk
maoin	maoin	mayn	gift, gentle, thin
maol	maol	meayl	bald, bare
maor	maor	meoir	steward, agent, baliff
marbh	marbh	marroo	to die, dead
marbh	marbh	merriu, marroo	dead, death, deceased
marc†	marc†	mark(sleih)	horse, stallion
marcach	marcach	markiagh	horseman, rider, jockey
máthair	màthair	moir	mother, aunt
mathúin	mathan	maghouin	bear
meá	meadh	medd(agh)	mead
meadhg	miùg, meadhg, meòg, mìg, meug	meaig, meug	whey
meana	minidh	mennee	awl, bodkin
meann	meann	mannan	kid goat
mear	mear	merre	quick, fast, lively
méar	meur	mair	finger, toe
méara	mèar	meoir	mayor(ess)
meas	meas	mess	(tree) fruit, nut, acorn(s)
measa	miosa	messey	worse
measc	measg	mastey mestey	jumble, mix(ture), among(st), midst
méid	meud	mooad	size, amount, quantity
meil	meil	beihll	to grind, to crush, to chew
méin	mèinn	meain	mineral, ore, metal, mine
meirg	meirg	mergey, mergid	rust, corrision, sluggish
meitheal	meithle†	mheil	(working) party, contingent, reaper(s)
mí	mi, mìos	mee	month
mil	mil	mill	honey
míle	mìle	milley	1,000
milis	milis	millish	sweet
mín	mìn	meen	smooth, soft, tender, mild
minic	minig	mennick	frequent, often
minseach	minnseag, minnseach	minjagh	nanny goat
míol	mial	meeyl	animal, louse, insect
míol mór	mial-mhór	meeyl mooar	whale, sea monster
mionn	mionn	mian	oath, curse, wish, spot
miotal	miotal, meiteal	metal	metal, mettle
moch	moch	mogh	early, soon
mogall	mogal	moggyl	mesh, husk, snare, trap
moing	muing	mwing	mane
mol	mol	moyl	to praise
mol	mol, feairisid	mul
molt	mult	mohlt	ram, wether
moned†, monad†	monadh	muyne	mountain, moorland, hillside
mongach	muingeach	mwingagh	maned, long-haired
mór	mòr	mooar	big, large, great
muad†	muadh	meeley	soft, tender
muc	muc	muc	pig
muileann	muileann	mwyllin	mill, factory
muinchille	manag, muinchill	muineel	glove, sleeve
muineál	muineal	mwannal	neck
muintir	muinntir	mooinjer	household, folk, family
muir	muir	mooir	sea
muirmil†, míol mór	mial-mhór, muc-mhara	meeyl mooar	whale
mullach	mullach	mullagh	top, roof
náire	nàire	nearey	shame, disgrace, emabarrassment
namhaid	nàmhaid	noid	enemy, foe, adversary
naoi	naoi	nuy	nine
naomh	naomh	noo	saint, holy, sacred
nasc	naisg	naisht	to bind, to fasten
nathair	nathair	aarnieu, ardnieu	snake
nead	nead	edd	nest
néal	neul	niaul, neeal	cloud, mist, fog
neamh	nèamh	niau	sky, heaven
neantóg	neanntag	undaagagh	nettle(s)
neart	neart	niart	strength, might, power, force
neasa	neasan†	(s')niessey	nearer, nearest, next
nia	nia	neear	nephew
nigh	nigh	niee	to wash
nimh	nimh	nieu	poison, venom
nó	no, neo	ny	(n)or, (n)either
Nollaig	Nollaig	Nollick	Christmas
nóta	nòta	notey	note
nua	nuadh	noa	new
ocht	ochd	hoght	eight
óg	òg	aeg	young
ogham	ogham	ogham	Ogham
oíche	oidhche	oie	night, evening
oide	oide	gegjey	foster-father, teacher, tutor
oifig	oifig	offish, oik	office
oileán	eilean	ellan	island
ól	òl	oyl	to drink
olann	olann	ollan	wool
olc	olc	olk	evil, bad
ollamh	ollamh	olloo	master, professor
onóir	onoir	onnor, honor	honour
ór	òr	airh	gold
oráid	òraid	oraid	speech, lecture, oration, prayer
ord	òrd	oard	hammer
ord	òrd	oardyr, ordyr	order, sequence
osna	osna	osney	sigh, groan
osnaigh	osnaich	osnaghey	to sigh, to groan
paidir	paidir	padjer	prayer, devotion, paternoster
pailliún	pàillean	paal(an)	pavilion, tent
páiste	pàiste	paitçhey	child, infant
peaca	peaca	peccah	sin, guilt
piosa	pìos	peesh	piece, bit
piseog	pisreag	pishag	charm, spell, magic, sorcery
pluma	plumais, plùmbais	plumbis	plum
pobal	poball	pobble	people, family
póg	pòg	paag	kiss
port	port	purt	harbour, port, landing place
pós(adh)	pòs(aidh)	poose, phoosey	to marry
príosún	prìosan	pryssoon	prison
pus	bus	puiss	mouth, cheek, lip
raithneach	raineach	renniagh	fern, bracken
rámh	ràmh	raue	oar, paddle, shovel, spade
ramhar	reamhar	roauyr	fat, thick, stout
rann, roinn	rann, roinn	rheynn	division, part
rásúr	ràsar	rhesar, razor	razor
rath	rath	raah, rah	grace, virtue
ráth	ràth	raah	rampart, ring-fort
re	ri	rish	with, to, against, as
ré	raon	rheam	field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain
réalta	reul	rolt	star, coal
réidh	rèidh	rea	easy, even, ready
réilig	réilig, réileag	ruillick, rhullick	graveyard, ossuary
reithe	reithe	rea	ram
reo	reòth	rio	frost, ice
rí	rìgh	ree	king, royal
rí	ruighe	roih	forearm, arm
riagh	rag	rag	rigid, stiff, rack
riail	riaghail	reill	(to) rule, to govern, regulation
rian	rian	rane	course, path, method, river
rian	rian	rane	course, path, method, river
righin	righinn	reen	tough, hard(y), stiff
rinn	rinn	rinn	point, top, cape, promontory
rith	ruith	roie	to run
ród	rathad	raad	road, course, route
rón	ròn	raun	seal
rón	ròin	renaig	(horse)hair, mane
ros	ros	ros	promontory, wood
rós	ròs	rosag, rose	rose(s)
roth	roth	roar	wheel, bicycle
rothar	rothair	roar	bicycle
rua	ruadh	ruy	red
rún	rùn	roon	secret, mystery
rúsc	rùsg	roost	bark, beehive
sá	saidh	seiy	beam, stick, hilt
sabhall	sabhal	soalt	barn, granary
sagart	sagart	saggyrt	priest
sáigh	sàth	saih	to stab, to thrust
saighead	saighead	side	arrow
sáil	sàil	saayl	heel
sáile	sàl	sailley	sea water, salt
saileach	seileach	shellagh	willow
saill	saill	sahll	salted meat, fat, blubber
sáith	sàth	saie	sufficiency, fill
salann	salann	sollan	salt
samhail	samhail	soyl	likeness, model, similarity
Samhain	Samhain	Sauin, Souney	Halloween, November
samhradh	samhradh	sourey	summer
sanas	sanas	sannish	whisper, history, secret
saol	saoghal	seihll	world, existence, lifetime
saor	saor	seyr	free, cheap
saor	saor	seyr	craftsman, carpenter, mason
scafa	sgiof, sgoth, sgib	skiff	boat, skiff
scamhóg	sgamhan	scowan	light (weight)
scamhóg	sgamhan	scowan	lung(s)
scamhógach	sgamhanach	scowanagh	pulmonary
scar	sgar	scarr	to sever, to separate, to split
scáth	sgàth	scaa	shadow, shade
scáthán	sgàthan	scaane	mirror
scéal	sgeul	skeeal	story, tale, news
sceith	sgeith	skeayrey	to vomit
sceith	sgeith	skeeay, skeeah	vomit
scian	sgian	skyeen	knife, to sever
sciath	sgiath	skaa, skæ	shield
sciathán	sgiathan	skian	shoulder, fin, wing
scinn	sginn	skioot	to spring (forth), to gush, to disperse
scioból	sgiobal	skibbalt	barn
scíth	sgìth	skee	tired(ness), weary, rest
scoil	sgoil	scoill	school
scoilt	sgolt	skeilt	split, cleft, slit
scoilt(eadh)	sgoilt	skeiltey, scoltey	to split, to cleave
scoláire	sgoilear	schoillar	scholar, pupil, student
scornach	sgòrnan	scoarnagh	throat, mouth
scréachóg, scréachóg choille	sgreuchag, sgreuchag-choille	screeaghag, screeaghag cheylley	jay
scríobh	sgrìobh	screeu	to write
scuab	sguab	skeab	brush, broom, sheaf
sé	sia	shey	six
seabhac	seabhag	shawk, shirragh	falcon, hawk
seach	seach	shagh	without, otherwise, by, past
seacht	seachd	siaght	seven
seachtain	seachdain	shiaghtin	week
seal	seal	shayll	turn, while
sealbh	sealbh	shelloo	luck, fortune, profit
seall	seall	shilley	eye, glance, stare, gaze
seam	sèam	sheaym	rivet, peg
sean	sean	shenn	old
séan	seun	sheean	sign, charm, spell, stupor
seangán	seangan	sniengan	ant
searbh	searbh	sharroo	bitter, sour
searrach	searrach	sharragh	foal
seas	seas	shass	to stand
seasamh	seasamh	shassoo	standing
seasc	seasg	shast	barren, sterile, dry, milkless cow
seileán	seillean	shellan	bee
seill	seill	sahll	fat, blubber, suet
seisc	seisg	shiast	sedge(s), rush(es)
seithe	seiche	sheh	skin, hide, pelt
seol	seòl	shiaull	sail
sí, síth	sìth, sìoth	shee	peace, mound, fairy
sin	sin	shen	that, this
sine	sine	sbeeiney	nipple, teat
sinsear	sinnsear	shinney	senior, elder, ancestor
síol	sìol	sheel	seed
sionnach	sionnach, seannach	shynnagh	fox
síor	sìor	sheer	long, constant, eternal
síos	sìos	sheese	down(wards), below, under
síothal	sìolachan	sheeley	filter, sieve
siúil	siubhail	shooill	to walk
siúr†, deirfiúr	siùir†, puithar	shuyr	sister
slaod	slaod	sleayd	layer, raft, trudge
slat	slat	slat	stick, rod, staff
sleá	sleagh	shleiy	spear, lance
sleamhain	sleamhainn	shliawin	slippery, smooth
slí	slighe	sleayd	path, track, offspring
sliabh	sliabh	slieau	mountain, moorland, hillside
sliasaid	sliasaid	shleayst	thigh, leg
slige	slige	shlig	shell, hull, scale
sliocht	sliochd	sluight	path, track, section, offspring
slog	slug	slug	swallow, gulp, swig, gullet
slog(adh)	slug(adh)	sluggey	to swallow, to gulp
slua	sluagh	sleih	people, horde, force
sluasaid	sluasaid	sleayst	shovel, spade
sméar	smeur	smeyr	berry, blackberry
smoir	smior	smuir(r)	(bone) marrow, pith, sap
snaidhm	snaidhm	sniem	knot, carving, hinder
snáthaid	snàthad	snaid	needle, pin
sneách	sneadhach	snie(n)gagh	full of nits nitty
sneachta	sneachd	sniaghtey	snow
sniodh	sneadh	snei(n)g	nit(s)
sníomh	snìomh	sneeu	to spin, to twist
soc	soc	sock	sow, pig, swine, snout
solas	solas	sollys	light, flame
son	sòn†	sonn	sound, noise
sona	sona	sonney	happy, merry
sonrach	sònraichte	sonraghey	particular, specific, different
spéir	speur	speyr	sky, sphere
spiorad	spiorad	spyrryd	soul, life, spirit
spúnóg	spàin	spein	spoon
sráid	sràid	straid	street, alley, highway
srath	srath	strah	(flat) valley, strath, bottom
srón	sròn	stroin	nose, nostril
sruth	sruth	stroo	stream, river, current, valley
stábla	stàball	stabyl	stable, room
stán	staoin, stàin	stainney	tin, pewter
stoirm	stoirm	sterrym	storm
sú	sùbh	soo	strawberry, berry
sú	sùgh	soo, soolagh	juice, sap, soup
suaineamh	sìoman	saineen	rope, cord, thong
suan	suain	saveen	sleep, slumber
suas	suas	seose	up(wards), above, over
súgán	sùgan	suggane	(straw) rope
súiche	sùith	sooie	soot
suigh	suidh	soie	to sit
súil	sùil	sooill	eye, sun
tábla	tàbla	taabyl	table, board
tacht	tachd	toghtey	to choke
táille	tàille	tailley	fare, fee, tally
táilliúir	tàillear	thalhear	tailor
tairne	tàirng, tarrag, tarrang	treiney	nail, spike, pin
tál	tàl	taal	adze
talamh	talamh	thalloo	ground, earth, land
tanaí	tana	thanney	thin, slender
taoiseach	toiseach	toshiagh	chief, leader, prince
taos	taois	teayst	dough
tapa	tapadh	tappee	quick, fast, cleverness
tar	thar	har(rish)	over, across, beyond
tar, tig	thig	tar, çheet	to come
tarathar	tora, torachair	tarrar	augur, drill
tarbh	tarbh	tarroo	bull
tart	tart	taart	thirst, dryness, mist
te	teth	çheh	heat
teach	taigh	thie	house
téad	teud	tead	rope, cord, string
teaghlach	teaghlach	thielagh	family, household
teanga	teanga	çhengey	language, tongue, tribe, people
teas	teas	çhiass	heat, warmth
teillén	teilinn†	tellyn	harp
thuaidh	tuath	twoaie	left, north
tiarna	tighearna	çhiarn	lord, ruler, king
tile	dèile	deal	board, plank, ledge
tine	teine	çhenney	fire, lightning
tír	tìr	çheer	land, country
tirim	tioram	çhirrym	dry
tiubh	tiugh	çhiu	thick
tobar	tobar	tubbyr	source, well, spring
toll	toll	towl	hollow, empty, hole
tom	tom	tom	hillock, knoll, mound
tonn	tonn	tonn	wave, billow
tonna	tunn	tun	tun, barrel, cask
tonóg	tunnag	thunnag	duck
torann, toirneach	torrann, tàirneach	taarnagh	thunder, noise
trá	tràigh	traie	beach, ebb, shore
traein	trèan	trean	train
tráth	tràth	traa	time, hour, course, way
tréan, treise	trèine, treise, treun	trean	strong(er), might, brave, conquest, superior
trí	trì	tree	three
trí	tre	trooid	through, over, across
tríocha	trichead	treead	thirty
triomaigh	tiormaich	chyrmaghey	to dry
triuch	triuch	truh	whooping cough
triús	triubhas	troosyn	trousers
trócaire	tròcair	trocair	merciful, pity, thanks
troid	trod	troddan	fight, quarrel
troigh	troigh	trie	foot
trom	trom	trome	heavy
trua	truagh	truan, trieh	miserable, wretched, sad
trucail	truga, truca	truck	truck, lorry, barrow
truis	druid	treshlen	blackbird, thrush, ouzel
tua	tuagh	teigh	axe, hatchet
tuath	tuath	theay	tribe, people, territory
tuí	tugha	thoo	roof, thatch
tuit	tuit	tuitt	to fall
tul	tul	tool	forehead, brow, head
uachtarán	uachdaran	eaghtyran(e)	president, laird, chief
uaigh	uaigh	oaie, oaye	grave, tomb
uaimh	uaimh	oghe, ooig	cave
uaine	uaine	eayney, geayney	green
uamhan	uabhann	owan	fear, dread
uamhanach	uabhannach	owanagh	fearful, dreadful, timid
uan	uan	eayn	lamb
uasal	uasal	ooasle	high, noble
ucht	uchd	ught	chest, breast, lap
uile	uile	ooilley	all, every(thing), entire
uillinn	uileann	uillin	elbow
uisce	uisge	ushtey	water
ulchabhán	ullaid	hullad	owl
úll	ubhal	ooyl	apple
ullamh	ullamh	ullee	ready, finished, prepared
umha	umha	ooha	copper, bronze, brass
umhal	umhal	imlee	humble, meek, submissive
úr	ùr	oor	new, fresh, verdant
urchar	urchair	orraghey	shot, missile, thrust
urnaí	ùrnaigh	yeearree	prayer
veain	bhana	van	van

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Celtic cognates

Celtiadur

The Celtiadur blog is a collection of Celtic cognates, with definitions, pronunciation, etymologies - includes the modern Celtic languages, older versions of these languages, such as Middle Welsh, Middle Breton and Old Irish, and their extinct and reconstructed relatives and ancestors, including Gaulish, Proto-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic.

Celtic Pathways

On the Celtic Pathways podcast I discuss connections between the Celtic languages, and look for words with Celtic roots in non-Celtic languages, such as English, French, Spanish, Galician and Portuguese.

Information about Celtic languages

Breton, Celtiberian, Cornish, Cumbric, Gaulish, Irish, Lepontic, Lusitanian, Manx, Neo-Brittonic, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh

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