Fuyu Kyrgyz (Fuyü Gïrgïs)

Fuyu Kyrgyz is a member of the Khakas-Altai group of Turkic languages. It is spoken in Fuyu County in Heilongjiang province in the northeast of China. According to the 1982 census, there are just 10 native speakers. Adults in the community have mostly switched to the local variety of Mongolian, and children are shifting to Mandarin, as it's used in local schools.

Fuyu Kyrgyz is not a variety of Kyrgyz, but is in fact more closely related to Khakas, a Turkic language spoken in Khakassia in southern Siberia. Fuyu Kyrgyz was originally spoken in the Yenisei region of Siberia, but in 1761 speakers of the language were deported to Manchuria, which is now northeast China.

Fuyu Kyrgyz is also known as Abakan Tatar, Fuyu Ka'erkezi, Fuyü Gïrgïs, Manchurian Kirghiz or Yenisei Tatar.

A way to write Fuyu Kyrgyz with the Latin alphabet was developed by Chinese linguists in the early 21st century. It is not widely used.

Fuyu Kyrgyz alphabet

Notes

after nasals, l and r, b = [b] and d = [d]
between vowels b = [β], d = [ð] and p = [ɸ]
before and after e, i and ü, g = [ɣ], k = [kʰ], x = [x]
before i and ü, s = [ʃ] and z = [ʒ]
p, t and k are aspirated in Chinese loanwords

Download an alphabet chart for Fuyu Kyrgyz (Excel)

Details of the Fuyu Kyrgyz alphabet provided by Wolfram Siegel

Sample video in Khakhas

Links

Information about Fuyu Kyrgyz
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gïrgïs_de_Fu-Yü
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Фуюйско-кыргызский_язык
https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kjh/22
https://turkic.elegantlexicon.com/lx.php?lx=fyg

Turkic languages

Altay, Äynu, Azerbaijani, Baraba Tatar, Bashkir, Chagatai, Chelkan, Chulym, Chuvash, Crimean Tatar, Dolgan, Fuyu Kyrgyz, Gagauz, Ili Turki, Karachay-Balkar, Karaim, Karakalpak, Karamanli Turkish, Kazakh, Khakas, Khalaj, Khorasani Turkic, Krymchak, Kumandy, Kumyk, Kyrgyz, Lop, Nogai, Old Turkic, Qashqai, Romanian Tatar, Salar, Shor, Siberian Tatar, Soyot, Tatar, Teleut, Tofa, Turkish, Turkmen, Tuvan, Urum, Uyghur, Uzbek, Western Yugur, Yakut (Sakha)

Languages written with the Latin alphabet

Page last modified: 23.07.25

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